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In in vivo experiments the natural biologically active substances, which may reduce the application of chemical plant protection pesticides were examined. As dressing preparations water extracts (macerations, infusions) prepared from various parts of 39 plant species were used. For dressing non-disinfected seeds of two varieties of oat: Akt with naked seeds and Bajka with chaffed seeds were used. The experiment was conducted as a filter paper test, germination viability (I date) and germination capacity (II date) as well as healthiness of the seeds were determined. A significant differentiation of the effect of the extracts depending on extracts’ origin (plant), mode of their preparation and of interaction between these factors was revealed.
The insecticidal and antifeedant activity of extracts derived from different plants of the Liguidamber orientalis Mill. (Hamamelidaceae), Tanacetum vulgare L. (Compositae), Achillea coarctata Willd. (Compositae), Buxus sempervirens L. (Buxaceae), Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae), Arum italicum Mill. (Araceae), Achilea biebersteinii Willd. (Compositae), Origanum vulgare L. (Labiatae), Hypericum androsaemum L. (Hypericaceae) and Ocimum basilicum L. (Labiatae). are reported. The 70% alcohol extracts of plants were tested for toxicity against the 3–4th instar larvae of the Yponomeuta malinellus Zell. (Lepidoptera.: Yponomeutidae). Antifeedant activity of the extracts was assessed through tests conducted on the larvae of Y. malinellus by the feeding protection bioassay. In tests carried out on the larvae of Y. malinellus, L. orientalis, O. basilicum and A. coarctata extracts showed high toxicity within 48 hour LC50’s of 75, 75 and 65% respectively. The toxicity effects of the other extracts were determined as 60, 50, 50, 50, 45, 45 and 40% within the same period, respectively. No mortality was noticed in control groups. Alcohol extract from L. orientalis, T. vulgare and B. sempervirens showed high antifeedant activity (80.90, 46.12) on the larvae of Y. malinellus. In addition to both T. vulgare and L. orientalis extracts caused decrease consumption of food per 1 mg of larvae body weight decrease showed high –8.465, –0.845, mg respectively. The highest consumption (557.6 mg) was observed with alcohol extract from, D. kaki whereas the minimum one was using alcohol extract from L. orientali. The other tested extracts showed similar activity.
Introduction. Antinutritional factors in legumes lower the nutritional value of foods by lowering the digestibility or bioavailability of nutrients. Technological processes applied in food production (e.g. extrusion, fermentation, germination) may influence the leguminous seeds matrix composition which in consequence may affect (improve or decrease) mineral bioaccessibility and uptake in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation and extrusion processing, as well as their combination, on the potential availability of Fe, Cu, and Zn from lupine grain preparations. Materials and methods. The content and the release of Fe, Cu and Zn from three different lupine species (Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus, Lupinus angustifolius) was determined. The samples were subjected to enzymatic digestion under in vitro conditions. The content of minerals in lupine grains before and after enzymatic digestion was determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Results. The degree of release of Fe, Cu, and Zn from dehulled lupine grains was higher than from whole grains. Fermentation processing increased the degree of Fe release, extrusion decreased the degree of Cu release, while the extrusion after fermentation processing increased the degree of Fe release from lupine grain preparations. Conclusions. The degree of mineral release from lupine grains depends on the hull con-tent, technological processing applied and the lupine variety
Journal of Elementology
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2006
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tom 11
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nr 3
p.283-294,ref.
The main reason responsible for the presence of contaminations such as heavy metals in plant products is increasing environmental pollution. As a consequence of contamination, the elements penetrate the plant and animal world as well as food and drugs. The presence of heavy metals was traced in all the investigated herbal preparations, the highest levels being found in tea bags, slightly lower – in granulated teas and gels for difficult teething. The passage of the metals to tea bags varied from 1% to 35%. Many of the investigated preparations cannot be recognized as safe as regards the levels of heavy metals, especially in relation to young children.
Journal of Elementology
|
2006
|
tom 11
|
nr 3
p.295-305,ref.
Pesticides are a group of synthetic compounds introduced to biocenosis as a result of intentional human activity. Due to their long-lasting presence in the soil, the ability to spread as well as resistance to technological processes, the remains of pesticides can transfer to the human organism, where they cause acute and chronic intoxication. Organochlorine pesticides have been identified in herbal preparations, and especially in herbal and herbal-fruit teas in bags as well as in their infusions. The most commonly identified residues of pesticides found in these preparations include HCH, aldrin, DDE and DMDH. The percentage extraction of organochlorine pesticides is differentiated and ranges from 3 to 95.1.
Omówiono właściwości, sposób i czas działania preparatów do barwienia włosów a także wchodzące w ich skład związki chemiczne i preparaty pochodzenia roślinnego. Szczegółowo omówiono reakcje chemiczne prowadzące do powstania barwnego polimeru, zachodzące podczas farbowania włosów. Podano zakres badań, na postawie których dokonywana jest ocena toksykologiczna surowców wchodzących w skład preparatów barwiących oraz listę barwników do włosów dopuszczonych do stosowania w Polsce.
The applicability of Folin reagent developed by Tsap [12] for the determination of pure ascorbic acid solutions was checked for more complex solutions as vitamin preparations, fruits and vegetables. The AA can be determined in vitamin preparations without any modification. However it must be modified in the case of plant extracts (fruits and vegetables) as follows: one sample is determined after strong alkalization of the sample, another one without alkalization. The result of AA concentration can be achieved by subtraction of these two determinations. Good results were obtained for lettuce, parsley (tops), Brussels sprouts, lemon, orange, grapefruit, chives, kiwifruit and spinach.
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