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The purpose of the studies was to determine the number of piglets born (NPB) and reared until 21 day (NPR) by the sows of Polish Landrace and Polish Large White breeds, differing in the number of teats. For calculations, the results from breeding pig houses of the Mazovian region, collected during the years 2004-2009, were employed. Three groups of females were distinguished for the particular breeds: those ones, possessing 14, 15 or 16 teats. The number of records for Polish Large White was equal to 1,019 and for Polish Land-race, it was 1,732. The statistically confirmed differences were revealed in respect of NPB by the groups of females, possessing 14, 15 or 16 teats (P < 0.01) and NPR until the age of 3 weeks by the sows of the same breed, possessing 14 or 15 teats (P < 0.05). The differences in NPB and NPR in the sows which possessed 14, 15 or 16 teats were not statistically confirmed (P < 0.05). Any univo-cal relationships between the deaths of the piglets until 21 day of life and the number of teats in the sows of the examined breeds were not found; the level of losses varied from 10.60 to 12.65%. The obtained results indicate that the number of teats in the sows may affect the results of rearing the piglet until 21 day. The access to mother milk is not, however, the only one indicators of success in rearing of the progeny.
The study involved 70 sows slaughtered after the first farrowing. The carcass dressing percentage and the percentage content of primal cuts in the carcass were evaluated. Samples of m. longissimus dorsi were taken to determine the chemical composition and the physicochemical and sensory properties of the pork. Primiparous sows were divided into five groups, based on the number of piglets they had nursed, i.e. from 11 to 13 piglets, 10 piglets, 9 piglets, 8 piglets, and from 4 to 7 piglets. It was found that among sows culled after the first farrowing a higher carcass dressing percentage and a higher percentage content of neck and loin in the carcass can be expected in those nursing a lower number of piglets (up to 8). An analysis of the pork quality revealed a similar content of chemical components. Only the mineral content of the carcass was lower in the group of sows that had nursed the fewest piglets. Meat from sows that had nursed fewer piglets was characterized by a higher water-holding capacity, a brighter color and a lower aroma intensity, and it received higher scores for juiciness and palatability.
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