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Wirusy pasozytniczych pierwotniakow

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The authors present the actual review on several publications concerning the molecular characterizations of the viruses found in parasitic protozoa such as Giardia, Trichomonas, Leishmania and Entamoeba histolytica. All of the RNA viruses observed in parasitic protozoa showed several similarities and did not considerably differ from the viruses found in simple eukaryotic cells; they closely correspond to dsRNA viruses of yeast. The supposition that the protozoan symbionts detected in laboratories transfer to their hosts in natural conditions seemed to be rational, though, there are no evidences that these symbionts are potential pathogens. However, the opinion reiterates that intestinal protozoa (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica) may serve as vectors for HIV or cofactors of HIV infection. The authors point out that irrespective of the potential role of viruses as vectors in the transfection system for parasitic protozoa, the observed viral system constitutes an unusual experimental system to solve the problems of gene expression.
Babesia organisms are hemoprotozoa isolated from people and animals. Their in vitro cultivation supplies information about the morphology and ultrastructure of these parasites. They make it possible to obtain the genetic material for diagnostic elaborations and for detections of phylogenetic relationships between various species of Babesia. Protozoa cultivated on red blood cells can be a source of parasite antigen or attenuated strains of protozoa which can be used for vaccinations. The cultures of Babesia species are kept in an erythrocytes host, taken from the animals from which Babesia is most frequently isolated, suspended in tissue culture media with the addition of sera, in microaerophil conditions at 37°C. The specific circumstances and factors that are needed to obtain an effective Babesia culture are very often the reason of the failure of these investigations.
Parasite diseases constitute a tremendous danger for human life all over the world, hence there is an urgent need for the recognition of the defense mechanisms of our body against these protozoan pathogens. The aim of this review has been to present the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as constituents of innate immunity engaged in the fight against parasites, mainly protozoan, that are the cause of illness among people and animals. This review also shows the means by which the protozoan can control the immunological response to extend their survival inside the host.
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Toxoplasma gondii - wewnatrzkomorkowy pasozyt

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Toxoplasma gondii -intracellular parasite. Tue article presents selected data concerning invasion and intracellular life of obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii in susceptible bosts.
The appearance of organisms during biological purification of dairy effluent in laboratory conditions was studied. This modification of effluent by the appearance and disappearance of organisms with the passage of time demonstrated process of biological succession. Some organisms also showed an association with saprobity.
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Immunobiologia Cryptosporidium sp.

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Immunological aspects of cryptosporidiosis: its immunopathology, antigenicity, perspectives of treatment and diagnosis are reviewed. In particular pathology of this disease in immunodeficient (as a result of AIDS or suppressive drugs chemotherapy) patients is presented.
The observation that hypophosphoglycan (LPG) from Leishmania donovani can lead to TNF-alfa mediated induction ofHIV-1 expression supports the idea that these protozoan parasites can be envisaged as putative cofactors in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Cell structure and metabolism of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii - new aspects. The article is based on newly published data concerning cell structure (cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic organelle) and biochemistry of the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii, many of which can be applied in therapy of toxoplasmosis.
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