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The major objective of the study was the identification of methods of overcoming educational difficulties occurring at classes of physical education at the stage of jnuor high school education. The study was carried out with the method of a diagnostic survey, with a questionnaire being the main research technique. The questionnaire survey was conducted amongst 53 teachers of physical education working in seven junior high schools located in the city of Zamość The questionnaire survey was completed by interviews conducted with six school headmasters and seven pedagogues working at those schools. The conducted analysis of results enables concluding that a significant part of the teachers of physical education were tangibly facing shortages of knowledge on the educational methods, and that methods of imposing discipline on pupils during classes of physical education are in most cases based on talk and persuasion. Only a small group of the surveyed teachers of physical education is convinced about the necessity of adjusting a school programme to interests of the junior high school pupils. The account made by school pedagogues and headmasters indicates that the prophylactic and educational activities undertaken at the surveyed schools include, most of all, various educational programmes which enable diagnosis and counteracting threats resulting from addiction and violence and which tend to the strengthening of self-esteem in the adolescents and their ability to cope with problems.
The aim of this work was to gain and broaden the knowledge about muscle imbalance in first year high school students and to determine the impact of compensational program on the changes in muscle imbalance. The file was comprised of 49 students from two classes aged 15 to 16 years. The classes were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 25) and control (n = 24) file and became a subject of a double-group concurrently ongoing experiment. We examined the students with functional tests to identify tightened and weakened muscles and abnormal motion patterns. The examination included tests of motion capabilities as well. By means of input measurements we have observed a high frequency of muscle imbalance in the entire file of students. An experimental element – the compensational exercises were incorporated into the physical education classes of the experimental file for a time period of 9 months. The compensation exercises consisted mainly of stretching exercises, exercises aimed at the activation and strengthening of the core muscles, stabilizing exercises and functional exercises. The experimental element also included theoretical blocks. We have not observed statistic changes in the individual parts of muscle imbalance in the output measurements of the control file. Statistically significant changes (p < 0,01), (p < 0,05) occurred in the experimental file in a majority of cases and compensation exercises had a great impact on the decreasing of incidence of the individual disorders.
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The purpose of this paper is to present how physical culture was managed in Łódź in 1945–48 during the times of social and political changes. This period is characteristic for the rebirth of sport movement after the WWII and the activities of the authorities aimed at introducing a new model of management of physical culture. On the territory of the voivodeship of Łódź, sport activity was revived along with the withdrawal of German army. The activity of reviving clubs and sport unions was quite spontaneous at first. The model of management of physical culture, introduced in 1946,combined physical education issues with military training referring to pre-war models. The newly created Voivodeship Office of Physical Education and Military Training in Łódź in 1948 was temporary. The final objective was introduction of sports management based on the Soviet model. In the years 1946–49 Łódź authorities popularized the development of physical education and sport in the way compatible with the State policy. They put pressure on massive sport events, sport was combined with military and agricultural training. The new authorities supported the development of physical education and sport in leftist organizations. Sports associations which were claimed to be adverse were eliminated.
This paper looks at the history of physical education and sports in the Czechoslovak and Polish YMCA. As far as physical education and sports are concerned, the two national associations not only developed in a similar way but cooperated in some areas of their activity as well. The two associations were established and began to work together in the 1920s, exchanging printed matter or arranging friendly matches. In the course of time, both of these national associations began to build their own premises equipped with modern sports facilities and their members participated in matches on a regular basis. The origin of the YMCA and the source of money flowing into Czechoslovakia and Poland led to restrictions being placed on both of these national associations as the outbreak of the Second World War drew near. They were later dissolved and were not fully reestablished until the 1990s.
The article presents data on the current state of health, physical preparedness, motor activity of students in non-sports profile higher education establishments. It was found that low levels of physical condition of students is determined by a number of factors, among which, the lack of their motor activity, as well as non-rational approaches of the governing bodies and the administration of some higher educational establishments to organizing teaching and extracurricular physical training of future specialists are the major ones. It contains data relative to the main functions of motor activity. The basic provisions of the letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine of 09.25.2015 №1 / 9–454 “Regarding the organization of physical education in higher education”.
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The article is about problems in increasing motive activity for children of primary school age, the aim of which is improving their health. Thanks to a sufficient amount of physical activity children of all age groups have an optimum level of health, physical development and will acquire motor skills. One of the important problems of our time is to improve the health of children. The study indicates a relatively low level of health in children of primary school age, which is associated with decreased levels of physical activity. Studies show that for children of 6 to 7 years of age the number of hours on average and high levels of motor activity tend to decrease. At the age of six 2 hours. 10 min (9,1%) are spent at the average level, 40 minutes (2.6 per cent) – at the high level, and at the age of seven – 1 hour. 7 min(7,35%) are spent at the average level, 20 min (1,05%) – at the high level. The greatest number of hours is spent at the basic level (44,5% at the age of 6, 39.4% – at the age of 7). At the age of six 88.3% of the time are given to the base and low level, at the age of seven – 91.6 %, 11.7 % and 8.4 % are given to the average and high levels accordingly, which indicates a sedentary lifestyle. The solution to the problem of preservation of health and ensuring harmonious development of personality in educational institutions is of great practical importance. In this regard physical culture, as the basis of ensuring the strengthening of children's health, has new challenges that require the development and creation of physical education system in secondary schools which provides improvement of all components in health - mental, social, physical. One of the conditions of effectiveness in the system of organization of sports and recreation activities is the introduction of various forms of work, taking into account the interests and motives of the children.
У статті розкрито особливості фізкультурно-спортивної діяльності майбутніх учителів фізичної культури в аспекті їх фахової підготовки. Висвітлено діяльність учителя фізичної культури, яка має свої особливості, оскільки відбувається у незвичайних умовах, порівняно з діяльністю інших учителів. Виокремлено загальні особливості цієї діяльності (високі вимоги до професіоналізму і до особистості вчителя; високу ступінь відповідальності за фізичне і психологічне благополуччя його підопічних, уміння спілкуватися зі своїми вихованцями; підвищена стресогенність діяльності вчителя фізичної культури; необмежений обсяг навчально-тренувальної роботи, нерегламентований характер його діяльності; агітаційні здібності для підбору учнів у групу; гарна спортивна форма; специфіка роботи вчителя фізичної культури, організатора фізкультурно-спортивної діяльності) та часткові особливості (навчально-тренувальна спрямованість його діяльності, його фізкультурно-спортивна спеціалізація, оскільки успішність роботи оцінюється, як правило, спортивними досягненнями його учнів; помірно виражена оздоровча, здоров’язбережувальна, еколого-просвітницька, цивільно-патріотична та культурно-масова спрямованість діяльності; ставлення до фізичної культури і спорту та до нього особисто учнів загальноосвітньої школи). Доведено, що формування педагога є складним процесом, у ході якого особистісні структури зазнають значних змін, пов’язаних зі становленням здатності до рефлексії, співпраці, дисциплінованості.
The aim of the research was to clarify if the attitude towards obligatory physical education classes differentiates psychical activity of primary school students in their free time. The method used in the research was a diagnostic survey, which included a shortened version of the HBSC questionnaire. 371 students (4th-6th graders) of primary school living in both urban and rural areas were questioned. Activities declared most often were: ball games, cycling, swimming, and running. Students who spent the biggest amount of time on outdoor activities were girls who eagerly participated in physical education lessons and boys who participated “although they didn’t really want to” or “because they had to”.
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