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The research dealt with the influence of, variable in doses (0, 60, 120, 180 kg P₂O₅/ha), fertilization on the formation of tuber resistance to mechanical damages of four varieties of potatoes. Besides, some anatomical values of tubers i.e. periderm thickness, number and length of peridermal cells and their relation with resistance were examined. The investigations proved that resistance is a factor which depends on variety, and does not depend significantly on variable phosphoric fertilization. Less resistant varieties are characterized by thicker periderm and more numerous cell layers.
Orthropism of the structure and texture of tuber periderm can result in the fact that the movement of the tuber along a friction face in different directions will cause different friction forces. The aim of the examination was to explain a dependence between the orthropism of potato tubers periderm, and the kinetic value of the coefficient of external friction of tubers against the rubber base. Examinations of measurement of friction force of tubers against the base were done on the test stand equipped with extensometric sensors of force measurement integrated with a microcomputer. Results of examinations confirmed the assumptions that tuber periderm orthropism influences its friction force and therefore the friction coefficient value.
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This paper reviews the structure and formation of periderm and rhytidome in organs both of coniferous and broadleaves trees, in respect to their protective role. The periderm, which is composed of three tissues such as meristematic phellogen giving rise to suberized phellem at the outer side and phelloderm at the inner side. In older organs peridem is replaced with rhytidome composed of dead cells and included subsequent periderms separated by functioning phloem cells. Additionally, the structure and classification of lenticel as well as development of cork wings is described.
Author studied the effects of fertilization level on mechanical damage susceptibility of potato tubers and on the structure of periderm and parenchyma tissues. The relations between tissue structure and damage resistance of tubers were investigated too. The results showed that tuber resistance to mechanical domage was strongly affected by periderm thickness (the thicker periderm the higher resistance). Tuber damage resistance rises with increasing the width and decreasing the length of parenchymal cells. Anatomical features of the tubers were significantly affected by fertilization level and potato cultivar.
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