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Cereal grain resorcinolic lipids (S-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols) at micromolar concentrations are able to protect the erythrocyte membrane against hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid oxidation. The antioxidative effect is dependent upon chain length of alkylresorcinol molecules. The C15:0 homolog (IC50 of 10 uM) exhibited strongest activity whereas for long chain homologs (C19: 0 and C23 : 0) IC50 values were higher, 32.5 and 59 uM, respectively. The protective effect of alkylresorcinolic antioxidants was also dependent on their incorporation into the membrane, that is governed by their water-membrane partition coefficient The results obtained show that alkylresorcinols should be recognized as hydrophobic, membrane-localised antioxidants.
Anthraquinone derivatives are important anti-cancer drugs possessing, however, undesirable peroxidating and, in consequence, cardiotoxic properties. This results from the mediation by these compounds of the one-electron reduction processes of the oxygen molecule, which produces the highly toxic superoxide anion radical and other active oxygen species. This article summarizes the results of our studies on the molecular aspects of the mechanism of anthraquinone-mediated peroxidation which were carried out using enzymatic-assay, electrochemical, and quantum-mechanical methods.
Relatively little is known about the direct influence of acid rain (AR) on pro-and antioxidative changes in plant cells. Intercompartmental differences between cytosol and mitochondria were not studied before. Aboveground parts of plants treated with different pH variants of AR and prooxidative changes (lipid peroxidation) as well as antioxidative enzyme activities (ascorbate peroxidase, APx; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions were examined. The character of changes in antioxidative enzyme activities and of prooxidative alterations was closely connected with the cell com partment as well as with pH and time after treatment. The activity of both APx and GSH-Px increased more intensively in cytosol. Contrastingly, strong induction of lipid peroxides formation was observed in the mitochondrial fraction. The results suggest that cucumber mitochondria are more susceptible to oxidative damage caused by AR than cytosol. Antioxidative defense of cytosol appeared to provide sufficient protection against the oxidative stress imposed by AR.
The antioxidant activity of two new series of pirolidinium chlorides (PAC-n) and bromides (PAB-n) was studied. The antioxidant functional group was incorporated into the polar part of the compounds. The influence of the compounds on the degree of lipid oxidation in the erythrocyte membrane subjected to UV radiation was studied. It was found that all the salts used protected erythrocyte membranes against oxidation of membrane lipids. Their antioxidant activity increased with alkyl chain length. PAB compounds were stronger oxidation inhibitors than PAC ones. Possible reasons for such behaviour are discussed, taking into account the fluidity changes in erythrocyte membrane caused by the compounds studied. In order to do this, steady-state measurements of fluorescence anisotropy were performed, enabling to calculate the anisotropy coefficient.
Peroxynitrite-mediated linoleic acid oxidation and tyrosine nitration were analysed in the presence of synthetic model neuromelanins: dopamine (DA) -melanin, cysteinyldopamine (CysDA) -melanin and various DA/CysDA copolymers. The presence of melanin significantly decreased the amount of 3-nitrotyrosine formed. This inhibitory effect depended on the type and concentration of melanin polymer. It was found that incorporation of CysDA-derived units into melanin attenuated its protective effect on tyrosine nitration induced by peroxynitrite. In the presence of bicarbonate, the melanins also inhibited 3-nitrotyrosine formation in a concentration dependent manner, although the extent of inhibition was lower than in the absence of bicarbonate. The tested melanins inhibited peroxynitrite-induced formation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides, both in the absence and in the presence of bicarbonate. In the presence of bicarbonate, among the oxidation products appeared 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). CysDA-melanin inhibited the formation of HNE, while DA-melanin did not affect the aldehyde level. The results of the presented study suggest that neuromelanin can act as a natural scavenger of peroxynitrite.
Severe burn injury is associated with damage of tissues and organs distant to the area of injury. Although different agents are suggested to play an important role in pathogenesis of the burn disease, disturbed balance between the development of reactive oxygen forms and activity of antioxidants can play a pivotal role. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the intensity of lipid peroxidation process in plasma and lung tissues as well as the antioxidant ability of rats subjected to severe burn injury during 48 hrs after the injury. Our results show that severe burn injury causes a significant increase in the level of lipid peroxides in plasma and lung tissues, with a concomitant increase in superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) activity in erythrocytes during 48 hrs of the postburn period. Glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) activity in whole blood was significantly higher during the first postburn day and then decreased becoming lower than that found in the healthy subjects. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and the level of uric acid in plasma also increased. Thus, we conclude that severe burn injury causes the imbalance between the intensity of the lipid peroxidation process and the antioxidant ability of the organism and this can play an important role in the pathophysiology of the burn disease.
There is growing evidence that proteins are early targets of reactive oxygen species, and that the altered proteins can in turn damage other biomolecules. In this study, we measured the effects of proteins on the oxidation of liposome phospholipid membranes, and the formation of protein hydroperoxides in serum and in cultured cells exposed to radiation-generated hydroxyl free radicals. Lysozyme, which did not affect liposome stability, gave 50% protection when present at 0.3 mg/ml, and virtually completely prevented lipid oxidation at 10 mg/ml. When human blood serum was irradiated, lipids were oxidized only after the destruction of ascorbate. In contrast, peroxidation of proteins proceeded immediately. Protein hydroperoxides were also generated without a lag period in hybrid mouse myeloma cells, while at the same time no lipid peroxides formed. These results are consistent with the theory that, under physiological conditions, lipid membranes are likely to be effectively protected from randomly-generated hydroxyl radicals by proteins, and that protein peroxyl radicals and hydroperoxides may constitute an important hazard to biological systems under oxidative stress.
W przeprowadzonym doświadczeniu zbadano wpływ składu diety i jej suplementacji wybranymi witaminami z grupy B na ilość, rozmieszczenie i skład kwasów tłuszczowych okołonarządowej tkanki tłuszczowej oraz stężenie wskaźników peroksydacji lipidów u szczura. W doświadczeniu zastosowano trzy diety: I - podstawową, którą stanowiła pasza zawierająca między innymi pełne ziarna zbóż, II - zmodyfikowaną, w której pełne ziarna zbóż zastąpiono częściowo mąką pszenną i sacharozą i III - zmodyfikowaną, suplementowaną wybranymi witaminami z grupy B. Stwierdzono, że samice, których dieta była suplementowana, przyrastały istotnie więcej w porównaniu z samicami żywionymi paszą podstawową, ale porównywalnie do samic żywionych paszą zmodyfikowaną niesuplementowaną. Zwiększonym przyrostom masy ciała w grupie suplementowanej towarzyszyło istotnie większe odkładanie tłuszczu okołonarządowego, śródmięśniowego i wątrobowego. Zastosowana suplementacja sprzyjała również zmianie składu kwasów tłuszczowych wisceralnej tkanki tłuszczowej, w kierunku wzrostu zawartości monoenowych i spadku zawartości polienowych kwasów tłuszczowych oraz powstawaniu wolnych rodników, co manifestowało się istotnym spadkiem stężenia glutationu zredukowanego oraz wzrostem stężenia produktów peroksydacji lipidów w krwi i wątrobie badanych zwierząt.
W pracy dokonano oceny nasilenia peroksydacji lipidów granulocytów obojętnochłonnych u pracowników narażonych jednocześnie na różne szkodliwe czynniki znajdujące się w środowisku pracy.
The purpose of the study was the assessment of the intensity of peroxidation processes during experimental hypercholesterolaemia and the comparison of the antioxidative action of beta-carotene with that of vitamins C and E. The experiment was cairied out on 50 guinea pigs receiving a diet containing 0.2% of cholesteroli A part of the animals received additionally beta-carotene (50 mg per 100 g of lhe diet), another part was given vitamin E (10 mg/ 100 g of the diet), vitamin C (500 mg/100 g of the diet) and beta-carotene (50 mg/ 100 g of the diet). Histological examinations of the thoracic and abdominal aorta demonstrated in hypercholesterolemia animals a significant reduction of lipid infiltrations in the group receiving supplements of these vitamins. Beta-carotene was found to inhibit the development of atherosclerotic lesion in the same degree as all three antioxidative vitajnins ailmitiislered jointly. In biochemical investigations it was shown that the administration of beta-carotene or the complex of antioxidative vitamins inhibited in the same degree the rise of TBA-IiS produced by high-cliolesterol diet. The study confirmed also a positive correlation between TBA-RS concentration an the activity of CK and CK-MB enzymes. The presence of vitamin C and E in the atherogenic diet exerted a more beneficial effect than beta-carotene on the distribution of cholesterol in HDL and LDL fractions.
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