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Investigated were the usefulness and possible objectivization of the results of stallions’ 8-months performance test. No correlation was found between the total results of the test and the number of mares covered by tested stallions, suggesting that the use of stallions does not depend on the result of their 8-month test. Blood samples were analysed after the stamina trial (cross country gallop) and some parametres of free jumping were measured based on video image analyses. Moreover, an analysis of relations was done between performance test trials and investigated parametres. The correlations between evaluations of jumping traits in the performance test ranged from 0.28 to 0.65, while those between the results of jumping skills from the test and measurements based on video image analysis were weak and ranged from -0.2 to 0.3. Blood physiological indicators showed a wide range of values. Lactic acid content was affected by individual riders and breeders and that of total protein by breeders only.
A comparison was made of a correlated response to selection between populations of mice selected for body weight at weaning on the basis of their own performance or their progeny. Selection was conducted throughout 15 generations and during the last two generations, three replicas were crossed within each group. A correlated response to selection of the body weight on day 42, weight gains between day 21 and 42 and litter size at birth was significantly higher in the group of mice evaluated on the basis of their progeny. A negative correlated response occurred in the litter size at birth in the group evaluated on the basis of animals' own performance. The realized genetic correlations in the group evaluated on the basis of animals' own performance was 0.9, 0.1 and 0.8, respectively, between the body weight on day 21 and 42, body weight on day 21 and weight gains between day 21 and 42, body weight on day 21 and litter size at birth.
The investigations were carried out to compare selection conducted on the basis of progeny with that on the basis of animals'own performance. Selection was conducted for the body weight at weaning (at the age of 21 days), which is a trait of low heritability (h²=0.1). It was run throughout 15 generations, whereas in generations 13 and 14 three experimental replicas were crossed to obtain population free of inbreeding. A cumulated response to selection was higher in the group selected on the basis of animals' own performance, but after crossing the replicas it decreased clearly in the both groups. The cumulated selection differential was higher in the group selected on the basis of animals' own performance. However, a statistical analysis of the obtained results showed no significant difference between the two selection methods.
Studies on genetic parameters that describe performance traits of stallions managed in Training Centres are of great importance, since they allow breeders to rationally design their breeding programmes. The outcomes of such studies also include breeding methods that are adequate for an improvement of traits which are of different heritability or which have different coefficients of correlation between them. As an effect of evaluated stallions will be significant over the decades to follow, the studies we have performed are important in terms of both theory and practice. The study covered performance test records of 2825 stallions tested in Training Centres in 1977-2000. Heritability estimates for the selected traits evaluated during performance tests were estimated with the REML method. The recorded values ranged from 0.09, for the pulse rate, to an exceptionally high record for dressage, as judged by foreign riders, reaching 0.95.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate relationships among recorded traits in a 100-day stationary performance test in warmblood stallions in Poland. The possibility of reducing the number of recorded traits was assessed as well. The data are from 582 warmblood stallions undergoing a 100-day test in 2002-2010 at two Polish training centres. The stallions were pre-selected on nine single conformation and movement traits and then inspected on nineteen performance traits scored by the head of the training centre, judging commission, and test riders. To establish the relationships within the data, entropy analysis was used. Entropy and conditional entropy in relation to the final assessment, as well as joint entropy, mutual information, and their quotient were estimated. High relationships between traits depend on their source of variability (head of training centre, judging commission, test rider). Variability over time of ranks for many traits is influenced by the differences in the genetic structure of the stallions tested in the last ten years. These estimates of conditional entropy can be helpful in derivation of weights for the recorded conformation, movement, and performance traits.
The paper presents an analysis of the tests of an airlift pump that has pumped water Qw or a mixture of water with sand Qw + Qs . The research included a determination of performance and efficiency characteristics for an airlift pump with internal diameter of the discharge pipeline d = 0.04 m equipped with a PM 50 air mixer with perforated rubber diaphragm. The tests were carried out for three lifting heights of water and a mixture of water and sand H: 0.40, 0.80, 1.20 m, with a fixed length of the discharge pipeline submergence h = 0.80 m. It was found that water flow rate Qw and the mixture of water Qw with sand Qs flow rate increased with the growth of the airflow rate Qp, reaching maximum and then decreasing. Whereas with the rise of lifting height of water or the mixture of water with sand H, the water Qw and the mixture of water Qw with sand Qs flow rate decreased. It has been shown that the airflow rate in this type of installation during the discharge of the water cannot be less than 5,0 m³ · h⁻¹ and should not exceed 16,0 m³ · h⁻¹. When the mixture of water with sand is discharged, airflow also cannot be less than 9.80 m³ · h⁻¹ and should not exceed 17.0 m³ · h⁻¹. The airlift pump efficiency η decreased with a rise of mixture of water with sand lifting height.
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