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Given the finite resources of seed production, a trade-off between seed weight and number was expected. However, it still remains unclear how the seed weight-number trade-off changes if there are some mechanisms to enhance resource acquirements during the fruit developments. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum presents furled leaves in flowering time but unfurled leaves in fruiting time, which is considered to enhance the photosynthates to fruit development. To determine the relationship between seed weight and number of S. hexandrum, we examined the altitudinal variations and the relationship between seed weight and number in the fruits from 27 populations of in 2009 and 2010. Our results showed that, along the altitudinal gradient, seed weight decreased significantly but seed number increased insignificantly, indicating that the selective pressure on seed production might come from seed dispersal in high altitude populations. There was no significant relationship between seed weight and number in most populations, but an inverse relationship was found between seed weight and number when the data from all populations were pooled, indicating the seed weight-number trade-off and resource limitation of seed production in S. hexandrum on species level. We suggested that the two unfurled leaves of S. hexandrum might contribute to the resources allocated to the fruit development via enhancing photosynthates, which might mask the seed weight-number trade-off on population level to some degree.
The content and chemical composition of phenolic compounds in above- and underground organs of dropwort during second year of plant vegetation were studied. Five flavonoids (hyperosid, astragalin, spireaoside, kaempferol, quercetin), 2 catechin derivatives ((+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin), and 7 polyphenolic acids (ellagic, gallic, syringic, salicylic, chlorogenic, caffeic and rosmarinic) were identified in aboveground organs. Their content, both in flowers and leaves, was significantly higher at the beginning of flowering as compared with full flowering stage. In underground organs (+)-catechin and its derivatives ((-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin) as well as 2 polyphenolic acids (ellagic and gallic) were identified. Their content was not closely related to the stage of plant development.
It is known that the dominance of graminoid species is promoted by N addition; however, there has been relatively little effort to examine the pattern induced by natural N fertility. Since nutrie nt use e fficiency (NUE) is an important trait determining plant competitive ability, we expected that the species guild with higher NUE (lower nutrient content) may be more competitive on infertile soils. We explo red t he relationships between relative forbs biomass share , soil N and productivity by the linear regressi on analysis on a natural alpine meadow in northeast of Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau (3600 m a.s.l.). To test the variety of leaf N:P stoichiometry, paired t test and general linear model multivariate (GLM) analysis were also used. We f ound that the leaf N:P ratios of the whole community were below 13 in studied sites, which may be consistent with the N limitation on the veget ation. Graminoids re tained lower concentrations of leaf N and P than forbs in community on the Nlimited grassland. Consistent with our prediction, we found that the biomass fraction of graminoids declined with soil N content and aboveground production on the grassland. Different from the pattern along fertility gradients induced by N fertilization, our results showed that gr aminoids with lower internal nutrient content w ere able to resist low levels of nutrient availability on the natural alpine grassland when compared to forbs.
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