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Over 10 % of seeds harvested in 1991 and 1992 (50 samples, 400 seeds in each sample) proved to be infested with various fungi. Fusarium spp. and Botrytis cinerea were the most common pathogens isolated. Fusarium avenaceum was the most common and highly pathogenic species. Fusarium semitectum and F. tricinctum were highly pathogenic to lupin seedlings but they were the least common Fusarium isolated from seeds. Similarily, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was isolated only from 0.2 % seeds tested but this fungus was highly pathogenic to lupin seedlings. Some other fungi know as lupin pathogens (F. oxysporum, Stemphylium botryosum, Pleiochaeta setosa and Phomopsis leptostromiformis) were also noted in tested seeds.
Altogether 300 seed samples were collected during 9 years in 8 regions of Poland and the fungi were isolated and their pathogenicity to carrot seedlings was examined. Alternaria radicina proved to be the most important pathogen although. A. alternata was more common. The other important pathogens were Fusarium spp., Phoma spp. and Botrytis cinerea. The infection of carrot seeds by A. radicina should be used as an important criterium in seed quality evaluation.
The studies were conducted in the years 1998–2000 on soybean, cv. Polan. The purpose of the studies was to conduct microbiological and mycological analyses of the leaves and pods of soybean. Bacteria and fungi were obtained much more often from the diseased soybean parts as compared to the healthy ones. 778 fungi isolates were obtained as a result of the mycological analysis of the leaves and pods of soybean. Fusarium spp. and Phomopsis sojae were most frequently isolated within pathogenic fungi. Their proportion was 17.5% and 7.8% of all the fungi, respectively. On the other hand, the isolated saprophytic fungi included for example the species from the genera of Acremonium, Cladosporium, Gliocladium, Penicillium and Trichoderma as well as Aureobasidium pullulans and Epicoccum purpurascens. Besides, about a four times lower number of antagonistic microorganisms (Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Gliocladium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp.) was isolated from the infected soybean parts in comparison to the number of microorganisms isolated from the healthy parts.
The study material consisted of K 1860 Septoria carvi isolate and single isolates of 18 other fungal species, chosen randomly from our own collection created during the studies of caraway diseases carried out in 2001-2006. Individual, general and summary biotic effects of the various fungi on Septoria carvi were determined by using the biotic series method and PDA (Difco) medium. Our results show that S. carvi is a weak competitor, because its growth was limited by all studied species of fungi representing the phyllosphere of caraway. Trichoderma, Gliocladium and Epicoccum purpurascens were recognized as positive and effective antagonistic fungi in relation to S. carvi. Moreover, the studied fungi that are pathogens of caraway and other plants, i.e. Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum spp., Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria spp. and Phoma exigua proved strongly competitive to S. carvi, so these fungi could mask the symptoms of septoriosis at the first stage of the disease.
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