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Reproductive losses in fur animal farms in Poland caused by parvovirus infections indicated the necessity to develop effective immunopreparates. During 1993-1994 experimental vaccines for foxes and minks were prepared. They contained inactivated and attenuated parvoviruses of cats (strain FPV-FA1) and minks (strain MEV-143). Viruses were propagated in a permanent cell line of feline lungs. Safety and immunological activity of experimental vaccines, as well as commercial vaccines used for dogs and cats in Poland, were estimated. Additionally, vaccines containing inactivated mink enteritis virus used in Scandinavia for the immunization of foxes and minks were included in the experiment. The activity of vaccines was estimated on the basis of parvoviral antibody levels in vaccinated animals. An experimental vaccine containing strain MEV-143 was the most effective, even 1/5-th of the dose induced specific antibodies. Comparable results were obtained when reference vaccines containing inactivated mink enteritis virus were used. Full protection in vaccinated foxes was developed 28 days after vaccination. The obtained results were the basis for large scale field experiments carried out in Poland during 1994/95.
The aim of the study was to conduct serological examinations for the presence of humoral antibodies against CPV-2, using an ELISA test. Moreover, amplification and restriction analysis (PCR-RFLP) of the fragment at 1278 bp (VP-2 gene) strains of CPV-2 biological materials of dogs with diarrhea were performed. The studies were carried out on 377 urban dogs aged from 3 months 17 years. All animals were vaccinated with commercially available live or inactivated vaccines against canine parvovirosis at 8, 12, 16 weeks of age. Most of the dogs were revaccinated yearly. Serological examinations determined that most of the dogs had antibodies against CPV-2 (98%) at 2-3-years-of-age. The least seropositive dogs were below 5 months (89%) and above 10 years (85%). The highest mean titer CPV-2 virus antibody were found between 0.5 - 1 year. 95% animals with diarrhea were positive for canine parvovirosis by use of PCR. Moreover, the RFLP analysis of the VP-2 gene sequence enabled the distinction of 3 restriction patterns of CPV-2 circulating in the dog population. The study indicates the vaccination of dogs provides effective protection against canine parvovirosis infection. The occasional occurrence of CPV-2 in puppies and young dogs can indicate the presence of virulent strains of CPV-2 in the dog population.
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