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Parasitic weeds especially Phelipanche aegyptiaca decrease severely the production of canola. This study evaluated the effect of intercropping different wheat genotypes with canola on Phelipanche aegyptiaca growth. Ten wild wheat genotypes with different ploidy levels including TRI11712, TRI19322, TRI18664, TRI19652, TRI565, TRI15593, TRI12911, TRI11554, TRI17606, TRI7259P and seven cultivated bread wheats, namely: Falat, Chamran, Alamut, Baiat, Kavir, Sepahan, Alvand in addition to a canola cultivar called Zarfam were studied. The results revealed that intercropping of canola with wheat could significantly reduce broomrape growth depending on the type of wheat genotype. A significant genetic variation of allelopathic activity in wheat was observed, indicating the contribution of multiple genes conferring the allelopathic trait. TRI565 and TRI12911, TRI15593, TRI18664, TRI19652, TRI17606, TRI19322, and TRI7259 genotypes showed strong inhibitory effects and can be considered as potential allelopathic genotypes to suppress broomrape. The inhibitory potential of wild wheat genotypes was stronger than cultivated wheat genotypes. Alamut, Baiat, Alvand, Sepahan, and TRI11712 possessed strong stimulatory effects on broomrape germination. Such genotypes may be valuable as trap crops for depleting the Egyptian broomrape seed bank.
Parasitic plants species of the genus Orobanche produce a very high number of small dust-like seeds. The seed shape of Orobanche sp. is ellipsoid to globose, ca. 0.3 × 0.4 mm. Orobanche picridis F.W. Schultz is a sub-Mediterranean-sub-Atlantic species. It has the NE range limit in Poland and Ukraine. The species is seriously endangered in Poland and neighbouring countries. O. picridis occurs only in southern Poland (34 localities). It prefers habitats on chalky rendzina, especially S-facing. It colonizes abandoned fallows and wastelands, field margins, initial xerothermic grasslands. They are mostly ecotone communities, in semi-ruderal xerothermic pioneer communities belonging to the Dauco-Picridetum (Artemisietea vulgaris class). The aim of this study was to determine potential and real seed productivity in Orobanche picridis and correlations between the characteristics of the shoots. Research hypothesis is to show that the studied traits of shoots show the highest correlation with the production of seeds. The paper presents investigations into potential and real seed productivity of Orobanche picridis for the first time. Investigations were conducted in 2010 at three most abundant localities of O. picridis in southern Poland in the Wyżyna Małopolska upland (S Poland) - Wesołówka (Przedgórze Iłżeckie foreland), Pińczów, and Pęczelice (Niecka Nidziańska basin). Research into the number of seeds produced per fruit and per shoot is discussed. Strict correlations between seed productivity and shoot features, i.e. shoot height, inflorescence length, number of fruits and corolla tube length were observed. The number of seeds in a single ovary in O. picridis varied and ranged from 457 to 3 246. The mean number of seeds per shoot is 55 172 based on the data collected at the three sites and ranges between 8 911 and 151 050. Seed productivity depends significantly on the size of a plant, that is on the shoot height, correlation coefficient r = 0.7, inflorescence length, r = 0.6, number of flowers and fruits per plant, r = 0.6, and on the flower size, r = 0.5.
The Polish localities of Orobanche ramosa L., branched broomrape, are either extinct or have not been confirmed for many years. This paper presents two new localities of O. ramosa in Poland from the Pła skowyż Proszowicki plateau (Wyżyna Małopolska upland) and the Nizina Nadwiślańska lowland (Kotlina Sandomierska basin). Habitat preferences and the abundance at the sites are described. A revised map of the distribution and a historical analysis of preferred hosts in Poland are included. The taxonomy, biology, ecology and control methods of O. ramosa are also discussed.
This paper presents the results of a research on the variability of Orobanche pallidiflora Wimm. et Grab. specimens which grew in an abandoned meadow in Lubiatowo (Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship). Their spatial distribution was investigated and some biometric measurements were taken (shoot height, stem height, stem basal width, number of leaves, length of inflorescence, and number of flowers). Also participation of the species in plant communities was examined. 75 individuals of Orobanche pallidiflora were recorded in the sampling plot of 100 m². Their distribution was clustered. The majority of the biometric measures had low coefficient of variation values, except for the number of flowers (V = 59.63%). The specimens grew in species-poor Molinietalia communities of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class, where Cirsium oleraceum and Cirsium arvense were the dominant species.
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