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The objective of the study was to analyze the wing musculature of the African ostrich. The investigation was conducted on four three-day old chicks of the ostrich. The muscles were characterized by poor development due to a very young age, and no flight abilities. The basic muscle units were described, the measurements of their length and width were taken and their mutual relation was calculated. All values were collected in a table. The photographic documentation was also prepared.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of linseed and rapeseed dietary supplementation on the fatty acids profiles of two ostrich fat depots: breast and subcutaneous (above the leg). The study was carried out on 40 ostriches raised in five groups – control (C) or with 4% (L4) or 8% (L8) linseed, or 5% (R5) or 10% (R10) rapeseed in the diet, from hatching to 12 months of age. Fat samples of breast (BF) and leg fat (LF) were taken for fatty acids analysis. Generally ostrich fat has high contents of PUFA (BF – 23.9, LF – 20.2 g/100 g FAME), especially linoleic acid (BF – 16.4, LF – 12.5 g/100 g FAME) and linolenic acid (BF – 5.7 and LF – 6.2 g/100 g FAME). Ostrich BF had a higher content of n-6 FA and total PUFA and lower n-3 FA than the LF. Both fat depots had desired PUFA/SFA ratios above 0.4, but not desirable n-6/n-3 ratios. BF had significantly higher (0.69)PUFA/SFA ratio than LF (0.55). Both L4 and L8 caused higher total PUFA content (27.8, 25.6 g/100 g FAME, respectively) and higher PUFA/SFA ratios (0.74, 0.75, respectively) and lower n-6/n-3 ratios (1.5, 1.8, respectively) compared to C. The rapeseed supplementation decreased the LA content in ostrich fats (R5- 14.1, R10-13.4g/100g FAME), causing a lower n-6/n-3 (4.1, 4.6, respectively) ratio compared to C (6.1). The supplementation of ostrich diets with linseed improved the nutritional value of ostrich fat by increasing the n-3 FA, total PUFA content and PUFA/SFA ratio. Although the leg fat had a lower PUFA content, both depots of ostrich fats can be recommended as valuable ingredients for value-added meat products fit for human consumption.
The cholesterol content differed (P<0.05) between breast (49.5 mg/100 g) and back (74.3 mg/100 g) fat. Differences (P<0.05) in individual fatty acids were found especially for arachidonic acid (20:4).High contents of 18:2, 18:3 and 20:4 from both depots suggest, that ostrich fat could be a source of essential fatty acids in human and animal diets. The influence of various factors and especially feeding regimen on quantity and quality of ostrich fat should further be investigated.
Culled breeding ostriches weighing 130-160 kg yield about 25 kg fat tissue that could possibly be used for supplementing human and animal diet. Cholesterol content of breast fat – 80 mg/100 g tissue – from the breeding ostrich females (n = 6) culled and slaughtered at the age of five years appeared similar to that reported of beef and lamb adipose tissue. In a sum of 17 fatty acids (FA) determined, the mono- and polyunsaturated FA accounted for 37.51 and 38.84%, respectively. The ratio polyunsaturated/saturated FA in breast fat of culled breeding ostrich females appeared higher than reported for other avian species.It is concluded that fat from culled breeding ostriches can be used as an additive to human or animal diet, thus allowing the farmer to gain more from ostrich production. Further research is needed on composition and properties of adipose tissue of ostriches, including slaughter, as well as breeding birds culled at different ages.
Forty ostriches were raised in five groups [control (C) or with 4% (L4) or 8% (L8) linseed, or 5% (R5) or 10% (R10) rapeseed in the diet]. Linseed supplementation (L4 and L8) improved the nutritive value of the ostrich meat by increasing (P<0.001) the α-linolenic acid content (>4.2%FAtotal) and PUFA/SFA ratio (>1.0) as compared with the control group (1.7% FAtotal and <0.94, α-linolenic acid and PUFA/SFA, respectively), whereas the effect of rapeseed was lower (2.2%, and <0.99, α-linolenic acid and PUFA/SFA, respectively). Dietary treatment lowered (P<0.001) the n-6/n-3 ratio from ca. 11 in the C group to 4 in the L8 and L4 groups. Overall, the results indicate that inclusion of linseed into ostrich diets has a positive effect on the fatty acid composition, allowing the production of meat enriched with n-3 fatty acids
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