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Seeds of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) cultivars viz. Pb. Hybrid and Pb. Sunehri were osmoconditioned with Polyethylene glycol j(PEG) and KNO, solutions to enhance their performance at low temperature. Osmoconditioning both with PEG 6000 and KNO3 increased per cent germination, speed of germination, vigour in terms of dry weight and length of the seedlings and root/shoot ratios. KNO3 priming recorded more pronounced effect in all the above mentioned parameters. Other vigour parameters such as electrical conductance of seed leachates was decreased with osmoconditioning while dehydrogenase activity was enhanced. Osmoconditioning resulted in increased activity of amylases.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of presowing conditioning, hormone permeation, and fungicide application on the vigour of seeds and seedlings as well as the yield of marjoram herb collected from the cultivation started by direct sowing into the open field. The methods of presowing seed treatment were as follows: soaking in GA3, matriconditioning with solid substance MicroCel-E, osmoconditioning in the solution of polyethylene glycol PEG 6000. Seeds of every combination were either dressed with Penncozeb or sown without fungicide. The yield and quality of marjoram herb were tested in the field experiments conducted in the region of Central and Southern Poland. The phytopathological analysis of seeds showed their low infestation by microorganisms, this not increasing following the seed conditioning and soaking in GA3 solution. The measurements of seedling vigour under controlled conditions proved the positive effect of every tested method of presowing seed treatment. Irrespective of localization, the yields of marjoram herb and essential oil were the highest with the crop from matriconditioned seeds. The effect of seed osmoconditioning and soaking in GA3 solution as well as fungicide application depended on the localization of marjoram growing.
Cytological changes in quiescent or germinated embryos after matriconditioning with Micro-Cel E or osmoconditioning with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were studied in comparison to quiescent or germinated untreated embryos of marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.). The sequence of changes related to embryo activation was identical in untreated and conditioned samples, although conditioned embryos underwent activation earlier. In those embryos the degradation of protein and lipid bodies, accompanied by vacuolation and accumulation of starch grains in amyloplasts, was observed even in nongerminated samples, whereas in control embryos the same ultrastructural changes did not occur until germination. The changes in ultrastructure occurred first in the root cap and proceeded towards the shoot meristem. In cotyledons, few symptoms of activation were detected regardless of the treatment. The appearance of Golgi structures in the root cap identified the radicle protrusion stage of germination.
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