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Biomonitoring and biomarkers of organophosphate pesticides exposure - state of the art

100%

Kapka-Skrzypczak L., Cyranka M., Skrzypczak M., Kruszewski M.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 2

2

Studies on effect of pesticide chlorfenwinfos on mouse immune system

100%

Kowalczyk-Bronisz S., Gieldanowski J., Bubak B., Kotz J.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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1992

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tom 40

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nr 5-6

3

A morphological study of the testes in relation to acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and testis of an organophosphate pesticide ingested by a wild passerine bird [Lonchura malabarica]

100%

Maitra S. K., Sarkar R.

Folia Biologica

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1995

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tom 43

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nr 3-4

4

Organophosphate pesticide exposure and dialkyl phosphate urinary metabolites among chili farmers in Northeastern Thailand

84%

Taneepanichskul N., Norkaew S., Siriwong W., Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi S., Perez H. L. M., Robson M. G.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2014

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tom 65

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nr 4

Background. Chlorpyrifos and profenofos are organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), we studied exposure and urinary metabolites in an agricultural area in the northeastern of Thailand during the chili-growing season (March - April) in 2012. Objective. This study was designed to assess pesticide exposure concentration through dermal and inhalation pathways and to find and depict a relationship between urinary metabolites and means of exposure. Materials and methods. To estimate the pesticides exposure concentration, dermal wipes (hand, face, and feet), dermal patches and air samples were collected from 38 chili farmers. The morning void of pre and post application urine samples was an indicator of biological monitoring in the study which derived from 39 chili farmers. Results. Chlorpyrifos and profenofos residues were detected on dermal patches, face wipes, and hand wipe samples, while no significant residues were found on the feet. Using a personal air sampling technique, all air samples detected pesticide residues. However, significant correlation between dermal pesticide exposure concentration and inhalation was not found (p>0.05). For urinary metabolite levels, there was a relationship between the first pre application morning void and post application morning void (p<0.05); similar to the association between the first pre application morning void and the second post application morning void (p<0.05). The main relationship between pesticide exposure and urinary metabolite was found to have been relevant to dermal exposure (r= 0.405; p<0.05). Conclusions. The results of this study could suggested that public health education training programs, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), should be offered for the chili growing farmers in order to improve their ability to properly use pesticides.

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The reproductive toxicity of the organophosphate pesticide O,O-dimethyl 0-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate [methyl parathion] in the male rat

84%

Prashanthi N., Narayana K., Nayanatara A., Chandra Kumar H. H., Bairy K. L., D'Souza U. J. A.

Folia Morphologica

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2006

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tom 65

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nr 4

309-321

Methyl parathion (MP) is a pesticide widely used to protect crops but also illegally used in many countries for spraying homes and businesses to contain insects. The present study was planned to investigate the effects of MP on the male reproductive organs in the rat. Male Wistar rats (13–14 weeks old) were treated with MP and sacrificed as follows. Experiment 1: 0 (water vehicle), 1.75, 3.5 or 7 mg/kg (i.p.) for 5 days and sacrificed on day 14; experiment 2: 0, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg (i.p.) for 12 days and sacrificed on day 130; experiment 3: 0, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg (i.p.) for 12 days and sacrificed on day 77; experiment 4: 0, 0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg (i.p.) for 25 days and sacrificed on day 17; experiment 5: 0 or 3.5 mg/kg (p.o.) for 25 days and sacrificed on day 17 after the last exposure. The reproductive organs were removed, weighed and processed for histopathological analysis. Structural changes, for example the morphology of the epithelium and the lumina of the organs, were observed in all animals. Biochemical estimates of acid phosphatase (ACP), cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, and vitamin C were conducted in the epididymes. The weight of the epididymes increased in experiment 2 in a dose-dependent pattern (p < 0.01) and decreased in experiments 4 and 5 (p < 0.01). The weight of the ductus deferens decreased in experiment 3 at 1 mg/kg dose level (p < 0.001) and increased in experiment 5 (p < 0.05). The weight of the seminal vesicle decreased in experiment 3 at both 0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg dose levels (p < 0.001), and increased in experiment 5 (p < 0.01). The weight of the prostate decreased in experiments 4 (in a dose-dependent pattern) and 5 (p < 0.001). ACP levels decreased in experiment 4 (p < 0.001) with a greater effect at 0.5 mg/kg than at 1 mg/kg. In experiment 5 (p < 0.01) cholesterol levels decreased to less than 50% of the control level for this experiment (p < 0.01) and protein levels also decreased (p < 0.01). Vitamin C levels decreased in a dose-dependent pattern in experiments 4 (p < 0.001) and 5 (p < 0.01). There were no effects on uric acid level. Sperm density was decreased in the epididymes of the rats treated and the epithelium of the epididymis and ductus deferens showed cellular necrosis, brush-border disruption and nuclear pyknosis. Nuclei were haloed, except in experiment 2 and the 0.5 mg/kg group of experiment 3. Methyl parathion did not induce significant changes in the structure of the seminal vesicle and prostate, except that epithelial folding was shorter than in the control. In conclusion, MP is a reproductive toxicant in the male rat and causes deterioration in the structural integrity of the reproductive organs and also the biochemical parameters in the epididymis.

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An association between organophosphate pesticides exposure and Parkinsonism amongst people in an agricultural area in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand

84%

Norkaew S., Lertmaharit S., Wilaiwan W., Siriwong W., Perez H. M., Robson M. G.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2015

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tom 66

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nr 1

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a ubiquitous disease. However, PDs prevalence in the population of agricultural communities lacks understanding and there has been no epidemiological study on the association between pesticides exposure factors and risk for PD. Objective. To investigate the potential association between organophosphate pesticides exposure and Parkinsonism by using a screening questionnaire in agricultural areas. Material and Methods. Ninety elderly people living in agricultural areas participated in a cross-sectional study conducted at Tambon Hua-Rua Health Promoting Hospital in April 2014. Screening questionnaires for Parkinson’s disease, Test-mate ChE (Model 400) for blood cholinesterase (ChE) levels of both blood enzymes erythrocyte cholinesterase (AChE), and plasma cholinesterase (PChE) were used as measurement tools. Descriptive statistics for frequencies and percentage distributions were used primarily to summarize and describe the data. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results. The age range of the participants was 50 to 59 years old, with an average age of 53.9+2.87 years. The majority of the participants were female (62.2%), 82.2% of respondents were farmers. Most of participants (76.7%) reported that they applied insecticides in their farms. Ninety persons participated and completed the 11-item questionnaire. Of these, 17 (18.9%) felt that they lost balance when turning or that they needed to take a few steps to turn right around and 16.7% of participants indicated that they felt the need to move slowly or stiffly. The study found the prevalence of abnormal AChE levels was 28.9% (95%CI=19.81-39.40) and 17.8% of PChE levels (95%CI=10.52-27.26). To predict Parkinsonism, AChE, and PChE level, with a cutoff score of 5 or higher there had to be a sensitivity of 0.31, specificity of 1.00, positive predictive value (PPV) of 1.00 and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.78 for AChE. While PChE, the score value of 5 or more had a sensitivity of 0.19, specificity of 0.93, PPV of 0.38 and NPV of 0.84. Conclusion. This study described an association between pesticides exposure and Parkinsonism. The questionnaire appears to be useful for Thai agriculturists as a screening tool for Parkinsonism and cholinesterase levels regarding to pesticides exposure.

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Hyposensitivity to amphetamine following exposure to chlorphenvinphos-protection by amphetamine preexposure

84%

Gralewicz S., Lutz P., Szymczak W.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2000

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tom 60

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nr 2

8

Association between blood cholinesterase activity, organophosphate pesticide residues on hands, and health effects among chili farmers in Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand

67%

Nganchamung T., Robson M. G., Siriwong W.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2017

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tom 68

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nr 2

Background. Use of pesticides has been documented to lead to several adverse health effects. Farmers are likely to be exposed to pesticides through dermal exposure as a result of mixing, loading, and spraying. Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are widely used in most of the agricultural areas throughout Thailand. OPs are cholinesterase inhibitors and blood cholinesterase activity is used as a biomarker of OP effects. Objective. This study aims to determine the association between blood cholinesterase activity and organophosphate pesticide residues on chili farmer’s hands and their adverse health effects. Materials and Methods. Ninety chili farmers directly involved with pesticide applications (e.g. mixing, loading, spraying) were recruited and were interviewed face to face. Both enzymes, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma cholinesterase (PChE), were tested with the EQM Test-mate Cholinesterase Test System (Model 400). Hand wipe samples were used for collecting residues on both hands and OP residues for chlorpyrifos and profenofos were quantified using gas chromatography equipped with a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). Results. The average activity (±SD) of AChE and PChE was 2.73 (±0.88) and 1.58 (±0.56) U/mL, respectively. About 80.0% of the participants had detectable OP residues on hands. The median residues of chlorpyrifos and profenofos were found to be 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg/two hands, respectively. Half of participants reported having some acute health symptoms within 48 hours after applying pesticides. When adjusted for gender, number of years working in chili farming, and frequency of pesticide use, AChE activity (Adjusted OR = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.01-0.13) and detected OP residues on hands (Adjusted OR = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.02-0.95) were significantly associated with having health effects, but no significant association was found in PChE activity (Adjusted OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 0.63-6.99). Conclusions. This study suggests that regular monitoring for blood cholinesterase and effective interventions to reduce pesticide exposure to prevent health effects should be provided to chili farmers.

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Time and temperature dependent sorption behaviour of dimethoate pesticide in various Indian soils

67%

Rani S., Sud D.

International Agrophysics

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2014

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tom 28

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nr 4

Experiments were conducted to study the sorption behaviour of dimethoate in three Indian soils at different temperatures. A kinetic study showed that adsorption equilibrium was reached within 15 h at different initial levels of pesticide concentration. Applicability of the pseudo second order kinetic model suggested that the adsorption process was complex and several mechanisms were involved. The Freundlich model explained the adsorption behaviour adequately and the isotherms were of S-type. The adsorption process was found to be strongly affected by temperature. The Gibbs free energy change, ΔGº values (from -15.81 to -16.60 kJ mol-1) indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The change in enthalpy of adsorption, ΔH° values (from -17.729 to -21.539 kJ mol-1) suggested that relatively weak H-bond forces were the main driving forces for adsorption. Desorption was found to be concentration- and temperature-depen- dent with higher desorption occurring at higher temperature and concentration levels. The results signify the importance of temperature in controlling the mobility of dimethoate in water bodies.

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Wplyw dichlorfosu na aktywnosc reduktazy HMG-CoA w watrobie szczura

51%

Sadurska B., Skalska-Hilgier E.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

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2002

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tom 35

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nr 1

93-97

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu dichlorfosu, pestycydu fosforoorganicznego, na aktywność reduktazy HMG-CoA, kluczowego enzymu syntezy cholesterolu w wątrobie szczura w warunkach in vivo i in vitro.

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Badania wpływu wybranych pestycydów z grupy fosforo i chloroorganicznych zawartych w wodzie na aktywność cholinoesterazy we krwi zwierząt stałocieplnych

51%

Nowak K.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1970

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tom 21

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nr 2

Ograniczanie wyników

Biomonitoring and biomarkers of organophosphate pesticides exposure - state of the art

Studies on effect of pesticide chlorfenwinfos on mouse immune system

A morphological study of the testes in relation to acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and testis of an organophosphate pesticide ingested by a wild passerine bird [Lonchura malabarica]

Organophosphate pesticide exposure and dialkyl phosphate urinary metabolites among chili farmers in Northeastern Thailand

The reproductive toxicity of the organophosphate pesticide O,O-dimethyl 0-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate [methyl parathion] in the male rat

An association between organophosphate pesticides exposure and Parkinsonism amongst people in an agricultural area in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand

Hyposensitivity to amphetamine following exposure to chlorphenvinphos-protection by amphetamine preexposure

Association between blood cholinesterase activity, organophosphate pesticide residues on hands, and health effects among chili farmers in Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand

Time and temperature dependent sorption behaviour of dimethoate pesticide in various Indian soils

Wplyw dichlorfosu na aktywnosc reduktazy HMG-CoA w watrobie szczura

Badania wpływu wybranych pestycydów z grupy fosforo i chloroorganicznych zawartych w wodzie na aktywność cholinoesterazy we krwi zwierząt stałocieplnych