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W pracy przedstawiono badania geodezyjne tokarki z wykorzystaniem świa­tłowodowego sygnalizatora celu. Omówiono technologię pomiarów wraz z projektem tar­czy ze światłowodowym sygnalizatorem celu oraz zaprezentowano przykładowe wyniki testów tarczy oraz jej zastosowanie do pomiarów tokarki.
This paper proposes a new solution for improving oxygenation state of anaerobic medium by means of optical fibres. Visible light (400-750 nm) of varying intensity (811-4866 lx) was introduced through optical fibres to an anaerobic medium (Eutric Fluvisol) for 10 days, which could activate phototrophic microorganisms producing oxygen, and indirectly change the redox potential (Eh) and the gas composition formed during the incubation period. Control showed a significant decrease of Eh from the initial level of 320.8 mV to 50.6 mV at the end of incubation. Illumination caused buffering of Eh of tested medium. In these reactors ΔEh was 130.7 mV for 811 lx, 80.7 mV for 4866 lx and the most advantageous combination was 2433 lx where ΔEh was only 30.2 mV. In the illuminated units maximal concentration of oxygen was ~2.5% (811 lx), ~6% (2433 lx) and ~5.1% (4866 lx). The formation of N2 at about 20% for the combination of 2433 lx and 4866 lx, and about 15% for 811 lx was also observed. Respiration activity of phototrophs revealed a high level of CO2 1.3% (811 lx), while the stronger illuminations led to CO2 concentrations of only 0.5% which was connected with intense binding of this gas in the photosynthesis process. Obtained results emphasise the key role of light in anaerobic soil medium. Oxygen produced by the activity of phototrophs may indirectly affect the redox state by Eh buffering and thus prevent anaerobiosis. It also affects gas formation, which may have positive environmental consequences.
Soil, as a tractive surface for agricultural tractors as well as military and off-road vehicles, is required to withstand dynamic loads occuring under wheels or tracks. mechanical properties of soil medium result in dependence between load, velocity of sytain and stress- deformation relationships. These information are of the major importance when considering soil compaction as well as tractive performaces of the vehicles. Having analyzed results pulished by many researches, the autors of this work haveconcluded the lack of a proper method for soil stress- deformation measurements. Therefore, the aim of the work is to desing and research some new methods of soil stress- deformation measurements. In the second chapter results of experimental research with a SST transducer are shown. The transducer allows to measure strasses for complete soil stress state calculations. Additionally, a mechanical system was used for soil deformations measurements in the three direction in space.The third chapter contains numerous details on desing of an improved version of the measuring system with an triaxal head. Soil deformations are measured with a novel method, which uses laser and a CCD camera.The next chapter describes another version, which is suitable for field experiments. Detailed descriptions of field procedures are given. A system for soil stress- deformation measurements developed with laser and optical fibers is shown in the last numbered chapter. There are also described some future designs, containing nanotechnology and telemetries.
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