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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of oxytetracycline given per os at a dose of 0.5 g/L in drinking water for 5 days on selected parameters of the cell-mediated immunity of 5-week-old turkeys. The research was carried out on forty turkeys divided into two groups (20 birds per group). The percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes as well as IgM+ B lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry in the blood and spleens of turkeys in the control and in the experimental group after 5 days of oxytetracycline administration and 6 days later. The results of this study show that oxytetracycline given per os (0.5 g/L) as outlined above, has no effect on the percentage of the CD3+CD4+ T lymphocyte subpopulation in the blood of turkeys. On the other hand, we were able to determine that it caused a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of CD3+CD8+ T and IgM+ B lymphocyte subpopulations in blood. The results show that six days after the administration of the antibiotic, there was a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of the CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulation among the mononuclear cells of the spleen. A significant decrease in the CD3+CD4+ T lymphocyte subpopulation percentage and an increase in the IgM+ B lymphocyte subpopulation percentage in the spleen were recorded both after 5 days of oxytetracycline administration and 6 days later in the experimental groups of turkeys. It can be claimed that oxytetracycline given to turkeys at a dose of 0.5 g/L for five days in drinking water causes the immunosuppression of the cell-mediated mechanisms of their immune system, which can lead to infections by opportunistic pathogens, as well as weakened post-vaccination immunity.
Efficacy of procaine penicillin with streptomycin and oxytetracycline (Terramycin LA, Pfizer) in the treatment of MMA syndrome in sows from small breeding centres was evaluated. In 86.6% of sows treated with penicillin and streptomycin. Positive results were noted, whereas only 26.7 % of sows treated with oxytetracycline reacted positively to the applied therapy (p<0.001). Moreover, 50% of sows reacting negatively to oxytetracycline were cured with penicillin with streptomycin.
Monitoring analyses, performed according to the regulation of the Minister of Agriculture from October 12th 1999, have shown that farmed fish demonstrate one of the highest levels of antibiotic contamination among all materials obtained from animals. One of the most commonly used antibiotics in fish treatment in Europe and all over the world is oxytetracycline (OTC). Due to the significant influence of the remains of antibiotics in food on consumers’ health it was necessary to determine the influence of frequently used culinary techniques (cooking, frying, pasteurization, acid pasteurization) on the level of OTC in meat of rainbow trout. It was determined that thermal treatment lowers the concentration of the antibiotic in the tissue and the quickest reduction of OTC level depends on the temperature of the process, the length of the thermal treatment, and the level of fish meat heating. The most effective process leading to the highest reduction of oxytetracycline proved to be deep frying.
Oxytetracycline (OTC) is an antibiotic used in fish farming in many countries. It is an effective drug against many bacterial diseases occurring in breeding conditions. It is believed that OTC induces immunosuppression in humans and many animal species. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of OTC on the basic functions of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and European Catfish (Silurus glanis) immune systems. The study used 200 Carp fry (50-100 g body weight) and 200 Catfish fry (80-100 g body weight). The fish were kept in plastic tanks (500-1000 litre capacity) in a water temperature of 20-22°C. OTC was applied by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. The results of the study indicate that OTC induces the suppression of metabolic (Respiratory Burst Activity) and phagocyte function (Phagocyte Killing Activity) in Carp and European Catfish macrophages, as well as increasing the proliferative response of lymphocytes. The alteration dynamics clearly indicate that suppression is temporary. In practice OTC is used in 75-100 mg/kg body weight doses over a couple of days (Carp, Catfish, and Trout). Longer suppression may make the fish susceptible to secondary infections.
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