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1

The effect of thickness of crude oil layers on the attenuation of the surface capillary wave

100%
Linde B., Pogorzelski S., Sliwinski A.
Oceanologia
|
1986
|
tom 24
2

The influence of crude oil spills on the sea surface on ultrasound scattering

86%
Pogorzelski S. J.
Oceanologia
|
1991
|
tom 31
3

Interrelationship between the process of surface wave generation caused by an air stream and wave attenuation process on water covered with a monolayer of crude oil derivative

86%
Pogorzelski S., Linde B., Sliwinski A.
Oceanologia
|
1986
|
tom 24
4

Growth responses of Scenedesmus quadricauda to oil pollution at different temperatures and light intensities

86%
Kentzer T., Tukaj Z.
Oceanologia
|
1985
|
tom 22
5

The effect of pollutants of crude oil origin on the diffusive reflectance of the ocean

86%
Malachowski K., Mrozek-Lejman J.
Oceanologia
|
1986
|
tom 23
6

Diatoms as indicators of soil conditions in oil production regions

86%
Dorokhova M. F.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
|
2007
|
tom 36
|
nr Suppl.1
7

Modelling of the crude oil suspension impact on inherent optical parameters of coastal seawater

86%
Otremba Z., Krol T.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2002
|
tom 11
|
nr 4
This paper presents the results of modeling of spectra of light scattering and absorption coefficients in sea water polluted with crude oil suspension. In the Mie theory, which has been applied for calculations, the results of the measurements of the size distribution spectra in artificial crude oil suspensions in sea water were used as well as the results of the measurements of the components of the complex light refraction index of crude oil from the Baltic Sea (Petrobaltic type). The comparison of the spectra obtained with those which are characteristic for the waters in the Gulf of Gda.sk confirmed that the admixture of emulsion with about 2 ppm of crude oil doubles the light scattering coefficient. The same effect, with respect to the light absorption coefficient, is obtained when the concentration of the crude oil suspension is about 100 ppm.
8
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Hydrocarbons on sea water: steady-state spreading signatures determined by an optical method

86%
Boniewicz-Szmyt K., Pogorzelski S., Mazurek A.
Oceanologia
|
2007
|
tom 49
|
nr 3
The spreading properties of several hydrocarbons (vegetable, engine, gear and crude oils) on distilled and artificial sea water were determined under laboratory conditions using a novel optical method. With the aid of Langmuir’s equation, the geometrical signatures of a discrete lens of each hydrocarbon droplet floating on a water tank served to calculate the entering E (31.30–94.18 mN m−1) and spreading S (−3.50 to −57.49 mN m−1) coefficients, and equilibrium thicknesses t∞ (0.20–1.25 cm). They appeared to be in agreement with the values derived from direct interfacial tension measurements (Wilhelmy plate and stalagmometer methods). Empirical relations of the normalized lens radius rL/rdrop and S on the water surface tension γAW were postulated as being of significant value in oil spill assessment studies at sea. The parameters obtained together with the surface properties of a natural surfactant-containing water body represent the principal input data required for modelling the spreading of a surface-tension-gradient-driven oil spill at sea.
9
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Natural water fluorescence characteristics based on lidar investigations of a surface water layer polluted by an oil film; the Baltic cruise - Mai 2000

86%
Drozdowska V., Babichenko S., Lisin A.
Oceanologia
|
2002
|
tom 44
|
nr 3
Several sea and laboratory experiments have been carried out to detect and determine the fluorescence characteristics of seawater and its natural fluorescing components and to analyse the influence of oil in the surface water layer on the lidar-induced return signal. The aim of the laboratory investigations was to create a database of different natural water types and of water polluted with Petrobaltic oil. During the r/v ‘Oceania’ cruise in the southern Baltic Sea two lidar methods were applied simultaneously to detect and analyse the influence of the fluorescence emission of oil on the fluorescence spectrum of seawater. Detection of oil pollution can be used to correct the fluorescent factors of fluorescing components on the basis of natural seawater fluorescence spectra.
10

Degradation of oil pollution in seawater by bipolar electro-Fenton process

72%
Zhang J., Shao M.-h., Dong H.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2014
|
tom 23
|
nr 3
The fast development of oil products leads to growing waste emissions and oil spill accidents. Oil dissolved in water causes many immediate and potentially chronic adverse effects on marine habitats and coastal ecosystems. Electro-Fenton technology possesses many significant advantages for treatment of refractory material from water. The possibility of using in situ electrochemical reaction of the bipolar electro-Fenton process for solving oil pollution problems in seawater is investigated. The study shows that the bipolar electro- Fenton technology is feasible for treatment of oily seawater. In the process of the bipolar electro-Fenton, operating current density and pH have effects on the removal efficiency of oil pollution from seawater. Higher current density is favorable for removal of oil pollution, and the optimum pH was 2.5-3.5. Under the optimum pH value of 3.5 and current density of 25 mA/m², the oil and COD concentration decreased about 90-95%. By process of the bipolar electro-Fenton, most of the components of oil were degraded to smaller molecular compounds. In addition to indirect oxidation, electro flocculation and adsorption is inevitable for the removal of pollutants when using bipolar electro-Fenton.
11
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Numerical modelling of an oil spill in the Northern Adriatic

72%
Loncar G., Leder N., Paladin M.
Oceanologia
|
2012
|
tom 54
|
nr 2
Hypothetical cases of oil spills, caused by ship failure in the northern Adriatic, are analysed with the aim of producing three-dimensional models of sea circulation and oil contaminant transport. Sea surface elevations, sea temperature and salinity fields are applied as a forcing argument on the model’s open boundaries. The Aladin-HR model with a spatial resolution of 8 km and a time interval of 3 hours is used for atmospheric forcing. River discharges along the coastline in question are introduced as point source terms and are assumed to have zero salinity at their respective locations. The results of the numerical modelling of physical oceanography parameters are validated by measurements carried out in the ‘Adriatic Sea monitoring programme’ in a series of current meter and CTD stations in the period from 1 January 2008 to 15 November 2008. The oil spill model uses the current field obtained from a circulation model. Besides the convective dispersive transport of oil pollution (Lagrangian model of discrete particles), the model takes into account a number of reactive processes such as emulsification, dissolution, evaporation and heat balance between the oil, sea and atmosphere. An actual event took place on 6 February 2008, when the ship ‘Und Adriyatik’ caught fire in the vicinity of the town of Rovinj (Croatia) en route from Istanbul (Turkey) to Trieste (Italy). At the time the fire broke out, the ship was carrying around 800 tons of oil. Thanks to the rapid intervention of the fire department, the fire was extinguished during the following 12 hours, preventing possible catastrophic environmental consequences. Based on this occurrence, five hypothetical scenarios of ship failure with a consequent spill of 800 tons of oil over 12 hours were analysed. The main distinction between the simulated scenarios is the time of the start of the oil spill, corresponding to the times when stronger winds were blowing (>7 m s−1) with a minimum duration of 24 h within the timeframe. Each scenario includes a simulation of oil transport for a period of two months after the beginning of the oil spill. The results show that the coastal belt between the towns of Poreˇc and Rovinj is seriously exposed to an oil pollution load, especially a few days after a strong and persistent bora (NE wind).
12

Is cleaning penguins worth the effort? Results from flipper banding

72%
Whittington P.
The Ring
|
1997
|
tom 19
|
nr 1-2
13

The influence of an oil-film covered sea surface on the reflection and upward transmission of light

72%
Otremba Z.
Oceanologia
|
1994
|
tom 36
|
nr 2
14

Intensity of some nitrogen transformations in soils experimentally contaminated with crude oil

72%
Niewolak S., Koziello M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
1998
|
tom 07
|
nr 3
Intensity of ammonification, nitrification (NH4-N oxidation to N02-N) and denitrification (reduction of NO3-N to NO2-N) was studied in soils experimentally contaminated with oil and control soils. Studies were carried out on 144 experimental plots of total area 1 ha. Half of the plots were cultivated in the usual way, the other half - intensively. Each of the 2 combinations comprised plots fertilized only with NPK, NPK and manure, and with NPK, manure and additionally inoculated with bacteria - decomposing petroleum hydrocarbons. Rye, barley, a mixture of legumes and cereals, and potatoes were cultivated in all plot combinations. Intensity of ammonification, nitrification and denitrification was determined in soil samples collected in spring, 24 months after soil contamination with petroleum. Ammonification was most intensive in soil samples collected from plots polluted with crude oil, fertilized with NPK and manure, inoculated with bacteria strains decomposing petroleum, in which rye was cultivated. NH4-N oxidation to N02-N was most intensive in soil samples collected from plots which had not been contaminated with oil, fertilized with NPK and manure, in which potatoes were cultivated. The highest reduction of N03-N to NO2-N was observed in soil polluted with oil, fertilized with NPK, in which potatoes were planted and cultivated in the usual way.
15
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The contribution of fluorescence to measurements of light scattering in oil-in-water emulsions

58%
Stelmaszewski A.
Oceanologia
|
2011
|
tom 53
|
nr 2
The paper presents some results of research on the fluorescence properties of petroleum oil-in-water emulsions. The research addresses the question of measuring and modelling light fields in an oil-polluted marine environment. The fluorescence of the emulsion manifests itself in the spectral range from 260 to over 400 nm and is much less intensive in the visible light region. Fluorescence is always weaker than the radiation scattered in an emulsion. The measurement and modelling of ultraviolet radiation scattering requires fluorescence to be taken into consideration, but in the visible spectral region this phenomenon is negligible.
16

Biodegradation of crude oil and distillation products by biosurfactant-producing bacteria

58%
Plaza G. A., Lukasik K., Wypych J., Nalecz-Jawecki G., Berry C., Brigmon R. L.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2008
|
tom 17
|
nr 1
87-94
Biodegradation of crude oil and 7 different distillation products by Ralstonia picketti SRS and Alcaligenes piechaudii SRS was investigated. Crude oil degradation was above 80% after incubation of 20 days for both strains and their mixture. Removal of short/long alkanes and BTEX investigated was different, from 97% (for hexane degraded by the mixture of the isolates) to 22% (for tridecane degraded by Alcaligenes piechaudii SRS). Hexadecane, pristane and cyclohexane were degraded with high efficiency between 72-91%. Among BTEX, toluene was degraded very well by both strains and their mixture. Benzene and m+p-xylenes were efficiently degraded by the mixture of the isolates, 78% and 87%, respectively. Degradation of light boiling fractions achieved 80-100%. On the other hand, degradation removal of heavy, high boiling fractions was lower, and reached between 10-81%. The mixture of the isolates enhanced slightly the degradation efficiency of crude oil and its distillation products. Changes in crude oil toxicity as a function of biodegradation activity were also undertaken. Slight luminescence inhibition as a measure of toxicity was found during the experiment time. The samples were not found to be toxic to Vibrio fisheri during the crude oil biodegradation. The luminescence inhibition could be due to the presence of toxic intermediates produced during biodegradation.
17

Tankers as a target of maritime terrorism. The new threat to international security

58%
Kubiak K.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2005
|
tom 14
|
nr Suppl.1
The paper presents the new point of view at the Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC). Ships of this group are not only the very important means of transport and international trade but also the attractive target of terrorist attack. The author shows the main reasons of this situation, the most probable ways of terrorist actions against ships carrying crude oil and potential consequences of tanker’s disaster caused by terrorists.
18

Photoacoustic spectra affected by fuel oil in the chlorococcal alga Scenedesmus armatus

58%
Tukaj Z., Szurkowski J.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
1993
|
tom 15
|
nr 4
19

Aspects of the physical properties and the visco-elastic features of the sea water - oil system

58%
Khalifa S. S., Pogorzelski S., Linde B., Sliwinski A.
Oceanologia
|
1992
|
tom 32
20
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Modelling the bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDF) of sea areas polluted by oil

58%
Otremba Z.
Oceanologia
|
2004
|
tom 46
|
nr 4
The paper discusses the possibilities of modelling the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) in sea areas polluted by oil. Three sea basin models are considered: a coastal one free of oil, one polluted by an oil film and one polluted by an oil emulsion. The following concentrations of oil were compared: for the film, 1 cm3 of oil per 1 m2 water surface, for the emulsion 1 cm3 of oil in 1 m3 of water. The optical properties of Romashkino crude oil were taken into consideration, as were various angles of incident solar light. The conversion of BRDFs into a directional distribution of the optical contrast of polluted areas is demonstrated.
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