The paper deals with negative effects of conventional plough tillage upon the soil. The conservation tillage was compared with conventional agrotechnical methods. On the basis of respective literature it was found that sowing into mulch (layer of organic residues or cover plants) reduced considerably the water and wind erosion. Simplified methods of tillage were found to have decreased the elution of macroelements from the top soil layers and increased C-organic content in the arable one. Cover plants or crop residues left in the field appeared to reduce the evaporation of water, thus increasing its content in the soil profile. As well, conservation tillage was found to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and to increase the soil fauna inhabiting the natural environment of cultivated fields.
Despite a considerable progress in research the shoreline is still reinforced by trial method, and both successful and failed solutions are applied. This is due to the fact that the natural processes are random incidents depending on a number of factors and projections are difficult. The development of concepts on protection depends on knowledge, long-term experience, and even on intuition. The Polish Baltic coastal zone has been monitored since 2004.