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The content of dry matter, total protein, ether extract, crude ash and crude fibre was determined in the plant material. In addition, the BAW was calculated and the content of: Mg, Ca, K, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn was assessed. The highest (P < 0.05) concentration of nutrients in dry matter was characteristic of fennel flower and green pepper.The highest abundance of minerals in crude ash was found in lovage and marjoram (144.4-116.6 g kg-1), and of total protein – in common basil and lovage (208.8 and 185.4 g kg-1). The highest (P < 0.05) content of crude fat was determined in common juniper, nutmeg, green pepper, marjoram and rosemary (on average 17.18 g kg-1) and of fibre in coriander (107.2 g kg-1), while the highest BAW was recorded in nutmeg, white pepper and rosemary (on average 730.9 g kg-1). The % RDA and AI coverage were estimated for consumers aged 31-50, assuming that the intake of the analysed culinary herbs is equivalent to 1g per day. The herbs had highly differentiated content of the analysed minerals. Common basil contained the highest amounts (P < 0.05) of macroelements: Mg, Ca, K and Na (79.8, 1278, 2135 and 218.5 μg g-1, respectively) and microelements: Fe, Cu and Mn (26.31, 1.95 and 8.56 μg g-1, respectively). Of all the herbs, fennel flower was the most abundant (P < 0.05) source of Zn (74.53 μg g-1), while juniper and green pepper was the richest in Mg (an average content 86.8 μg g-1), marjoram and lovage – in Ca (1666 and 1041 μg g-1 respectively), and red pepper – in K (2114 μg g-1). According to calculations, the consumption of 1 g of the above herbs can cover up to approx. 0.1% of RDA (Mg, Ca,) and AI (K, Na) and up to 0.6% of RDA (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn).
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Avocado is one of the most commonly preferred shades grown tree crop under Coffee ecosystem. In view of that, Peninsula of Nicoya and Cost Rica farmer was rated avocado (Persea americana L. Mill) is a primary shade tree crop under coffee plantation at the level of 66.3 per cent and it ranked as a fourth position after the Inga spp., Guazumala ulmiflora and Cardia alliodoara. Hence, the avocado is a commercially important shade cum fruit yielding tree under coffee ecosystem which has cultivating both in humid tropic as well as subtropical climates of throughout the world. The tree is basically grown as the forest species but later on as a shade growing tree under coffee cultivation because of high nutritional and medicinal values of fruit and it makes for wider diversity. Thereafter it was entered into the other parts of the world from Central America and Mexico. The tree is of multipurpose in nature and also helps to avoid the soil and water erosion by way of its wider spread canopy. Generally, Avocado leafs reduce the beating action of rain drops which in-turn minimize the soil erosion. The soil enrichment by adding the leaf litter continuously is an advantage in the coffee plantations. It yields in the additional economic returns after three to five years of establishment. Hence, the establishment of shade tree under coffee ecosystem will give additional income to the coffee growers, which mainly helps on lean period of coffee cultivation.
Using the method of food frequency questionnaire, energy intake and that of selected nutrients was studied in two groups of children with coeliac disease kept on gluten-free diet or on traditional diet containing gluten. The recommended dietary allowances for energy, basic nutrients, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, vitamins A, E, C and B-vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin and niacin) were generally sufficiently covered. In both groups of children the intake of energy and fat was particularly high, the intake of cholesterol and sodium was also too high. The mean intake of calcium, iron, zinc and copper was below the recommended values. No statistically significant differences were found between these groups in the intake of energy and nutrients. In about one-fourth of children with coeliac disease on gluten-free diet or on the traditional one the intake of protein, magnesium, vitamin E, vitamin C, thiamin and riboflavin was below the recommended level, and at least half these children had calcium, iron, zinc, copper and niacin intake below the recommended values.
Background. Carbonated and non-carbonated beverages manufactured based on mineral and spring waters have been present at the Polish market shortly, and their production and sales are regularly growing. The products have become commonly known as flavoured waters. Objective. The aim of the work was to identify and assess the content of carbohydrates used for sweetening mineral and spring water-based beverages and to estimate a concentration of inorganic anions. Material and methods. The study was undertaken for 15 mineral and spring water-based beverages subject to an analysis contents of fructose, glucose and sucrose with the high-performance liquid chromatography method with ELSD detection) and chlorides, nitrates and sulphates contents using the ion chromatography method. Results. A chromatographic analysis has confirmed the total contents of sugar declared by the manufacturers. The carbohydrates identified included fructose, glucose and sucrose (added sugar). Chlorides and sulphates were found in the content of all the analysed beverages while nitrates were not determined in only one of the 15 examined beverages. Conclusions. Mass consumption of mineral and spring water-based beverages should be considered as an important source of sugar and their excessive consumption may be disadvantageous for human health. A consumer should be informed by a manufacturer about a daily dose of sugar in a portion of a drink in per cents, and the easiest way to do it is to provide GDA marks on the label. Mineral and spring water-based beverages do not pose threats to consumer health in terms of their contents of inorganic ions: chlorides, nitrates and sulphates.
The manuscript addressed an overview of potato nomenclature - from international names of the species, through national, folk, regional to cultivar names. It additionally outlined the history of potato incorporation to the European continent as well as its cultivation, production crop yield and consumption at a global, European and national level. Issues concerning the economic importance of potato, its chemical composition, nutritional, consumption, dietetic and health - promoting values were discussed as well.
The study was carried out in the academic year 1985/1986 in a randomly selected group of 320 students of the 4th year of Medical Academy in Warsaw. The quantitative assessment of the dietary habits was based on one day dietary history in 24 hours before the interview carried out individually with each patient. It was found that the diets of the students was characterized with a high consumption of products containing animal protein, fats, sugar and sweets, with a low proportion of cereals, vegetables and fruit and potatoes. The nutritional value of the average food ration agreed with the recommended daily intake of most components, with the exception of vitamin C, and in women - calcium. Men consumed significantly excessive amounts of protein, fats, iron and riboflavin. The composition and nutritional value of the daily food ration of the students living in students’ hostels was, in respect to most of the assessed parameters, less favourable in relation to students living in parental homes.
In cultivation of Japanese bunching onion as an annual crop harvested for bunches there is required to use pseudostem – type cultivars, with high rate of growth, rich in valuable phytochemicals. In a field study there was evaluated the yield potential, quality of the crop and nutritional value of the following pseudostem – type cultivars: Sprintesa, Parade, Performer, Ishikura Long White, Red Toga, Freedy and Totem. Kroll cultivar commonly recommended as a perennial crop grown for the use of cut foliage was recognized as the control. Seedlings produced in multicell trays were transplanted into the field on 19–22 April and harvested on 19–25 June, when majority of plants reached the pseudostem diameter > 10 mm. At harvest there were evaluated the yield size, morphological features of plants and content selected organic and mineral compounds. Most of the exammed cultivars appeared to be suitable for early spring growing for bunches, among which Parade produced the highest marketable yield and beside Sprintesa characterized the longest pseudostem as well as low nitrates content. ‘Kroll’ grown as annual crop for bunches produced yield similar to ‘Red Toga’ and ‘Freedy’, while significantly lower to the other examined cultivars. Its plants characterized by low mean weight and short pseudostem, but high amounts of potassium and low nitrates accumulation.
Bee pollen belongs to bee products that are characterized by high nutritional value and biotic activity. These characteristics result from the wide variety of compounds that bee pollen contains. Our study determined the effects of storage conditions of bee pollen extracts on polyphenol content. The study was conducted with the use of three types of bee pollen extracts, namely ethanol extracts, enzymatic hydrolysates from pollen, and ethanol extract of pepsin-digested bee pollen. Polyphenol content in the studied extracts was determined immediately after extraction and after 12-month storage. We have concluded that 12- month storage of bee pollen extracts decreases polyphenol concentration in all three types of extracts, and the changes depend on the storage conditions.
Ostrich meat is a niche product gaining popularity among consumers especially in Europe. Nutrient composition of this meat considering protein, amino acids, fat, cholesterol, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins was henceforth assessed. Ostrich meat is characterized by low intramuscular fat content, a favourable fatty acids profile (PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios), a high content of iron and vitamin E and low of Na. Thus, it can be considered as a high quality product of high nutritive and dietetic value. It may thus be a valuable component of human diet.
Background. An adequately balanced daily food rations (DFR) providing the organism with a sufficient amount of energy and nutrients, including minerals, is particularly important in infanthood and early childhood due to the child’s intensive physical, intellectual and motoric development. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluation the supply of energy, nutrients and vitamins in daily food rations of children fed at home and in nursery schools. Material and Methods. 75 children aged 1-4 years were the research subjects. They were divided into three age subgroups: 12-24-month-olds, 25-36-month-olds and 37-48-month-olds. The daily consumption of energy and vitamins was assessed by means of a 7-day 24-hour nutritional interview made with current note taking and by means of a computer database (Dietetyk 2). Significant differences in the content of energy, nutrients and vitamins in the DFR were investigated using the two-way analysis of variance (Statistica 10.0) at significance level p≤0.05. Results. Neither the children’s sex nor age had influence on the intake of energy and macronutrients. Apart from the amount of energy (68-101.8% RDA) and proteins (183-288% RDA) these values were generally normal, but they had influence on the content of vitamins in the DFR. The DFR was characterised by generally excessive content of vitamins A, B2, B6 and B12. However, in comparison with the RDA the intake was significantly higher in the DFR of the youngest children (12-24 months old). In the group aged 37-48 months there were significantly higher values in the intake of vitamins B2 (317% vs 137% RDA) and B6 (334% vs 147% RDA). On the other hand, in comparison with the RDA, the DFR provided too small amounts of vitamins D, E, folates and vitamin C. The DFR of the youngest children (12-24 months old) contained significantly greater amounts of vitamins: D (41.3% vs 16.2% RDA), E (83.6% vs 63.5% RDA) and C (102.0% vs 48.6% RDA), as compared with the children aged 37-48 months. Only the content of vitamins B1 and PP in the children’s DFR was similar or slightly greater than the RDA. Conclusions. The intake of energy in the DFR of the children aged 1-4 years was generally comparable, but in the children aged 37-48 months it did not satisfy the daily demand. In all the age groups under study the supply of macronutrients satisfied about 100% of the demand, whereas the supply of protein and sucrose was excessive. The children aged 12-24 months consumed more vitamins D, E, B2, PP, B6, B12, C than the children aged 37-48 months. The supply of vitamins D, E, C and folates was too low, whereas the consumption of vitamins: B2, B6 and B12 exceeded the recommended daily intake.
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