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The preliminary studies of Al2O3 – BaO catalyst for storage and reduction of NOx in exhaust gases at rich and lean fuel mixture were performed. The conversions of nitrogen oxides as a function of fuel mixture composition were determined.
This article was prepared on a base of program lectures and studies presented on posters as well as discussions carried out during plenary sessions and at posters. Comparing to 1980, emission and fall of sulfur (IV) oxide (SO₂) in Poland was clearly reduced, about 36%. Very high dynamics of nitrogen oxides immission can invoke an anxiety. In 1975 - 1990 those compounds fall increased about seven times. At present, the amount of nitrogen emitted with ammonia from animal production is significantly higher than that emitted with nitrogen oxides du to energetic raw materials combustion. Anthropogenic causes of soil acidification due to nitrogen fertilization was also calculated. Among analysed anthropogenic factors. SO₂ imission is the largest source of protons in a country scale, it was 52 - 55% of the total acidification contribution. The percentage nitrogen fertilization in soil acidification is 30 - 45% on the average in Poland. Since 1975 to 1992 was observed the decrease nitrogen fertilization in anthropogenic acidification share. At present, the increase of acidification due to nitrogen fertilizers is noted. Soil acidification results were most often identified with mobilizaion/immobilization of nutrients and heavy metals. Deficiencies of magnesium and phosphorus as well as excesses of aluminium and manganese symptoms were most often stated on crops in acidic soils.
This paper studies nitrogen oxide reduction by means of ammonia in a flow reactor with a fixed bed of the Polish carbon sorbent AKP-5. The kinetic curves (t), showing the dependence of the degree of reduction of nitrogen oxide on time have been de­ter­mined for four inlet NO concentrations. On the basis of the degree of NO reduction de­ter­mined for the steady state con­ditions, a simplified model of the kinetic equation has been developed and verified. The results obtained are very important for environmental protection.
The emission of particulates besides the emission of nitrogen oxides is one of the most serious problems of ecological CI engines. One means of particulates abatement is by applying catalytic additives to fuel. It suppresses particulate formation intensity and promotes the oxidation of particulates in filters. The results of influence of fuel additives (with organic magnesium) on pollution emission were presented. The studies were carried out on a Sulzer 6AL20/24 CI engine. The assessment of influence of catalytic additives to fuel on pollution was done on the basis of mathematical model analysis of the engine. It was identified that elementary emission of particulates in range of additive content lower than 0.05% is a decreasing function, and maximum abatement of emission in the considered range of engine speed and torque is about 70%, which was recognized as a very promising result.
The activity of supported ruthenium catalysts (Ru/Fe2O3) in the reaction of NO reduction with propane was studied. The iron oxides used as support of the ruthenium phase differed only in the type of oxidehydroxide (α-, β-, γ-, δ-FeOOH) used in synthesis of the support. It has been established that the precursor Fe2O3 determined the activity of the catalysts studied in the process of NO reduction with propane. It has been shown that the catalysts Ru/Fe2O3 precipitated on the properly prepared iron oxide permit obtaining high NO conversion at temperatures from 400 to 500oC in reducing conditions.
W pracy przedstawiono równania opisujące zależność stężeń tlenków azotu i formaldehydu w spalinach od zawartości tlenku węgla w spalinach oraz rodzaju i szybkości zużycia paliwa gazowego
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