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Excessive amounts of Ni alter the micronutrients status of plants. In turn, S not only plays a pivotal role in plant growth but is also involved in enhancing stress tolerance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Ni and S on the micronutrients status in spring wheat. Three S-sulphate levels (2-standard, 6, and 9 mM) and four Ni treatments (0, 0.0004, 0.04, and 0.08 mM) in Hoagland’s nutrient solution were applied for 2 weeks. Ni excess at the standard S level generally reduced Mn, Mo, and Zn as well as increased Cl content in roots and shoots, reduced shoot B content without changes in the root content of this element, whilst Fe and Cu content rose in roots and decreased in shoots. The translocation of Fe and Cu from roots to shoots was repressed, but that of Mo was enhanced. The Mn and Zn translocation depended on Ni concentration, while that of B and Cl remained unaffected. Intensive S nutrition of Ni-exposed wheat, as a rule, elevated root and shoot Fe, B, Cl, Mn, and Zn content and increased root Cu content. Simultaneously, various changes in Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn translocation were found. Our results imply that intensive S nutrition can effectively improve the micronutrient status in wheat hampered by Ni.
The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as proline content were studi ed in leaves and roots of14 day-old pea plants treated with NiSO4 (10, 100, 200 pM) for 1,3, 6 and 9 day s. Exposure of pea plants to nickel (Ni) resulted in the decrease in CuZnSOD as well as total SOD activities in both leaves and roots. The activity of APX in leaves of plants treated with 100 and 200 pM Ni increased following the 3rd day after metal application, while in roots at the end of the experiment the activity of this enzyme was significantly reduced. In both organs CAT activity generally did not change in response to Ni treatment. The activity of GST in plants exposed to high concentrations of Ni increased, more markedly in roots. In both leaves and roots after Ni application accumulation of free proline was observed, but in the case of leaves conceniraiion of this amino acid increased eariier and to a greater extent than in roots. The results indicate that stimulation of GST activity and accumulation of proline in the tissues rather than antioxidative enzymes are involved in response of pea plants to Ni stress.
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