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The aim of the study was to establish the optimal methods for hypothermic storage of equine isolated hepatocytes. Viability of equine isolated hepatocytes after hypothermic storage was dependent on the type of storage medium as well as on the cell density in the storage suspension and the preservation period. Hepatocytes stored at 4°C in Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) and Williams' Medium E (WE) for 24 h showed very low viability, numerous cell membrane blebs, very low attachment rate (11.9 ± 6.5% and 34.8 ± 19.1%, respectively) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction rate (6.4 ± 3.9% and 25.1 ± 14.8%, respectively). In contrast, hepatocytes stored in University of Wisconsin Solution (UW) after 24 h of storage at a density of 12.5 x 106 cells/ml showed high viability (over 70%), typical and intact morphology, high cell attachment rates and MTT reduction. Our findings clearly demonstrate that UW is a good preservation solution for equine isolated hepatocytes. Hepatocytes harvested from slaughterhouse organs can be stored at 4°C in UW at a density of 12.5 x 106 cells/ml for at least 24 h without significant decrease in functional integrity.
In this paper, a new method is described for the horizontal electrophoresis of cells on a density cushion under near-isopycnic conditions. When cell sedimentation is minimized, the electrophoresis of red blood cells (RBC) used as model cells within an anti-convective porous matrix (with pores over 300 μm in diameter) was capable of separating a mixture of human and chicken RBC according to their electrophoretic mobilities. Samples taken from the separated RBC bands show over 90% purity for each species. The simultaneous electrophoresis of several RBC samples carried out under identical conditions permitted the use of comparative data based on the electrophoretic mobility of cells which differ in their surface properties. We believe that this relatively simple system, in which cell sedimentation and convection are minimized, has the potential to be modified and adapted for the separation of other cell types/organelles.
The results of palynological analyses of the Holocene deposits and modern pollen deposition in Poland and Finland are used to illustrate the progress in pollen analysis - the main palaeoecological method. The increased potential of modern palaeoecology for reconstruction of vegetation and for drawing conclusions on other environmental variables (climate, water conditions, landscape, anthropogenic disturbances) is demonstrated. Pollen analysis - develops at present interpretive tools for precise reconstruction of the structure and composition of vegetation and climate conditions. The progress consists in the quantitative presentation of pollenvegetation-climate relationships based on the examination of modern pollen deposition. The application of numerical analyses to pollen data allows correlating pollen spectrum features with the landscape/vegetation type. Special attention is paid to the Holocene vegetation changes of the transitional zone between boreal forest and tundra in the areas subjected to weak anthropopression (e.g. Lapland), which reflect climatic changes. Databases of modern pollen analogues are based on analysis of samples of surface mosses and contents of Tauber traps. These traps are used in Poland in investigations conducted as a part of the Pollen Monitoring Programme (http://pmp.oulu.fi). The correlation of Tauber-trap data with aerobiological ones contributes to understanding of the relationship between pollen production and climate elements. Additionally, the precise C14 dating allows a near-annual resolution in fossil deposits to be obtained more frequently. Due to time scales comprising hundreds of years, pollen analysis can provide means to resolve questions inaccessible for direct observation.
Background. The use of nitrofurans as veterinary drugs in food-producing animals is banned throughout the European Union. Nevertheless, nitrofuran metabolites have been detected not only in animal products, but also in bovine urine. At present there are no methods yet published for the simultaneous detection of nitrofuran metabolites in bovine urine. Objectives. To develop and validate a method for determination of four key nitrofuran metabolites in bovine urine. Material and methods. The four nitrofuran metabolites (nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, nitrofurazone and furaltadone), were determined in bovine urine using LC-ESI-MS/MS. The procedure required an acid-catalysed release of protein-bound metabolites, followed by their in situ conversion into 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (NBA) derivatives. The sample clean-up was performed using a polymer extraction cartridge before hydrolysis. Nitrofuran metabolites were then determined using electrospray ionization in the positive mode, that had previously been separated on a Phenomenex Luna C-18 column. Results. The method was validated in accordance with the procedure outlined in the Commission Decision No. 2002/657/ EC. Urine samples were spiked with nitrofuran metabolite solutions at levels of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 pg/kg. Recoveries ranged between 90 - 108% (inter standard-corrected), with a repeatability precision (RSD) of less than 19% for all four analytes. The decision limit (CC) and detection capability (DC) were obtained from a calibration curve and lay respectively within the following ranges: 0.11- 0.34 pg/kg and 0.13- 0.43 pg/kg. Conclusions. The developed and validated LC-ESI-MS/MS method allows four nitrofuran metabolites to be identified and quantitated in bovine urine. This analytical procedure meets the criteria defined in the Commission Decision No. 2002/657/EC.
Organotypic slice cultures were established as a model that own properties of both cell culture and animal model. The most often used slice culture is derived from hippocampus but depending on the part of brain affected with pathology, researchers established cultures from cerebellum, midbrain or striatum. Above mentioned models allowed the investigation of disorders resulting from e.g. ischemia, trauma or toxic injury. Besides the brain injury, numerous studies were focused on spinal cord pathology connected with demyelination, inflammation or injury. Here, we describe the development of an in vitro model of longitudinal spinal cord slice culture. Compared to cell (neuron-oligodendrocyte) co-cultures, organotypic slices retain tissue organization as well as cell-cell contacts and therefore more closely mimic the environment in vivo. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach for xenograft transplantation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells derived from rat brain and mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord. Stem cells fate after transplantation was observed in two paradigms: after cell transplantation on the top of spinal cord slice cultures (SCC) or cocultivation of cell culture with SCC space separated for 24 h. We observed the different morphology and protein expression of stem cells derived from different sources. Moreover, the same stem cells co-cultured with slices derived from different part of brain (hippocampus or spinal cord) expressed other markers. The method of longitudinal spinal cord slices enables observation of long fibers trajectory, new connections and neurorepair mechanisms. Moreover, it provides a time-efficient and costeffective adjunct to cell lines or in vivo transplantation models for study spinal cord pathology or experimental therapies. Furthermore, the approach can be readily used to assess the effect of pharmacological manipulations on myelin, providing a tool to better understand myelination and develop effective therapeutic strategies to treat myelin-related diseases. Supported by National Science Centre grant: 05728/B/NZ4/2011/01
The aim of the study was the identification and quantitative analysis of phenylpropanoid compounds in the roots of Rhodiola species. Rosavin, rosarin and rosin were determined in the roots of R. kirilowii and R. rosea from the field cultivation, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants. For the quantitative analysis, the ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI MS/MS, Waters) was used. The results showed differences in the quantitative and qualitative assessments of these two species. In the root of R. kirilowii the presence of phenylpropanoids was not confirmed. In R. rosea the most common phenylpropanoid was rosavin (0.022%). The UPLC-MS/MS studies allowed to use this analytical method for determination of phenylpropanoids in the accordance with the requirements of ICH.
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