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The article deals with some terms proposed by the proper institutions of the Council of Europe for describing the phenomenon of invasion of living organisms into new habitats. As these terms were elaborated mainly from the point of view of free leaving creatures, the goal of the authors was to discuss the possibility to adapt them for parasites species. Several propositions of resolving some difficulties have been presented.
Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1853 is a non-native species found in European waters. Analyses of mitten crabs caught in brackish waters (Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland) and in freshwater (Havel River, Germany) have indicated that numerous epibionts (possibly temporary) inhabit the dense setal mats that cover the chelipeds. Of the 950 associates found on 22 crabs collected from brackish water, the most abundant were Nematoda (82.3%), followed by Bivalvia (10.3%), Crustacea (5.6%), Oligochaeta (1.2%) and Gastropoda (0.6%). In comparison, 1280 specimens (Chironomidae – 67.6% and Halacaridae – 32.4%), were identified from 13 crabs collected in freshwater. As this crab can migrate long distances, it is capable of transporting native and non-native species via its mittened claws to new habitats.
Given the progressive expansion of Dermacentor reticulatus, including its infiltration into urbanized biotopes, an attempt was made to verify a hypothesis on a change in this species’ habitat preferences. Studies were conducted in 2004 to 2008, chiefly during the period of the tick’s greatest activity. A total of 73 one-hour sessions of collecting were conducted in forests, meadows and wastelands of the Lublin region (Table 1). The marsh tick (also called the ornate cow tick) was found most regularly and in greatest numbers in open areas or young tree stands. Urban wastelands with a distinctly xerothermic character were found to be a particularly characteristic biotope (Table 2). This contradicts previous reports that wetland areas are its optimal habitat. Because this tick is a carrier of babesiosis and – probably – borreliosis (Lyme disease), the findings suggest an increased epidemiological threat right within city borders.
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