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Studies were performed on the capacity of thrombocytes and of neutrophilic granulocytes in carp to ingest the standard bacterial strain of Staphylococcus aureus 209P Oxford. The bactericidal capacity of the cells at various developmental stages of the carp and in relation to their health status was also studied. The studies were performed on healthy carp, 3 months to 5 years of age, and sick carp, 3, 12, 23 or 29 months of age, suffering from Branchiotnycosis, Branchionecrosis and suppurative dermatitis (Motile Aeromonas Infection). Apart from their capacity to ingest Staphylococcus aureus 209P strain, fish thrombocytes demonstrated bactericidal activity toward the microbes. In healthy carp, the phagocytic activity of thrombocytes as well as of neutrophilic granulocytes directly corresponded to the stage of individual development of the fish. Bactericidal activity of thrombocytes and of neutrophilic granulocytes toward the applied strain of Staphylococcus aureus 209P strain persisted at a similar level regardless of the age of the fish. The differences observed in the activity of phagocytic cells in the sick carp were related, first of all, to the form of the disease (chronic or acute) and, to a lesser extent, to the age of the carp and the type of aetiological factor.
Physiological parameters in fish provide grounds for conclusions as to the physiological status of the organism. The status is directly related to inner and outer factors, biotic and abiotic influences which act on the organism. Present studies aimed at defining the set of immunological and haematological indices in breams, which form fish populations in Dabie Lake and Szczecin Bay, whose ecosystems differ in water cleanness. Immunological studies in breams involved determining selective defensive functions of neutrophilic granulocytes, expressed by the index of phagocytosis of a standard bacterial strain (Ipg), the percentage of phagocytes which ingested the bacteria (%gp), NBT index, the amount of formazan and the index of myeloperoxidase activity (WA MPO). Haematological studies included determination of absolute leukocyte number and the differential leukocyte pattern. Bacteriological and physicochemical studies were also performed on water samples of reservoir sites from which the fish originated. Results of examination of water samples from Dabie Lake and Szczecin Bay demonstrated a significant level of water pollution in the ecosystems. A definitely higher level of water pollution, particularly in respect to bacterial contamination, was observed in Dabie Lake. Comparison of immunological and haematological results demonstrated significant differences between the two studied bream populations, i.e. those originating from Dabie Lake and the other, originating from Szczecin Bay. Such differences were disclosed both in immunological and in haematological indices.
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