Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Nest-sites used by Stock Doves Columba oenas: what determines their occupancy?

100%

Kosinski Z., Bilinska E., Derezinski J., Kempa M.

Acta Ornithologica

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2011

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tom 46

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nr 2

Nest-site preferences of the Stock Dove Columba oenas population breeding in holes excavated by the Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius in three sites in western Poland was examined. During the surveys, 176 different trees with 326 holes of Black Woodpeckers were found and investigated. Habitat data at nest locations were characterized on a fine microhabitat scale — hole tree. We used individual selection indices and canonical varíate analysis to describe nest-site preferences. Both analyses provided similar results. Nest-site selection of the Stock Dove was consistently associated with live beeches Fagus sylvatica with more than one hole. These features were clearly associated with diameter at breast height. Moreover, holes situated higher in tree trunk were preferred. Dead trees, mostly Scots Pines Pinus sylvstris, were avoided by the Stock Dove. We suggest that positive selection for smooth-barked beech trees with a number of holes, as well as holes situated higher might reduce the risk of predation by arboreal predators, e.g. the Pine Marten Martes martes. The positive selection for live trees, and clear avoidance of the dead ones, may reduce the cost of incubation and thermoregulation. Moreover, the live beech trees have long life expectancy compared to other tree species. Our results provide evidence that large alive beech trees with the number of holes excavated by Black Woodpeckers are necessary for maintaining breeding population of the Stock Dove.

2

Environmental correlates of nest site selection by wild boar Sus scrofa

100%

Fernandez-Llario P.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 3

Location of nests, built by free-living wild boars Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758, was analysed in order to assess the importance of environmental and social conditions in piglets' survival during the first days after birth. The research was carried in a Mediterranean forest with different habitats and high density of natural predators. The results indicate that most nests were already constructed before the beginning of March, being located preferentially in areas with: (1) abundant plant cover, (2) water nearby and (3) a warmer temperature than in other places. These results suggest that female wild boar try to diminish mortality caused by natural predators by constructing their nests in places with dense cover. Water is very important because of the females' new necessities derived from milk production. Warm nesting places might diminish deaths after birth in a species with important thermoregulation deficiencies. The distance between nests is also important because in this period the wild boar develops a territorial behaviour, possibly with the objective of establishing bonds between the mother and her offspring before returning to the familiar units made up of several females and their piglets, all of them of a similar age.

3

Effect of landscape structure on nest site selection and nesting success of grey partridge Perdix perdix in Western Poland

100%

Panek M., Kamieniarz R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2000

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tom 48

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nr 3

4

Nesting ecology of the Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary [Southern India]

100%

Gokula V.

Acta Ornithologica

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2001

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tom 36

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nr 1

The nesting period of the Spotted Munia is from July to November, a period with frequent rains. Built of grass, nests (n = 60) were spherical or dome-shaped, with a lateral entrance-hole oriented mainly along the most frequent wind direction. They were mostly built on twigs within the tree canopy, the majority of them on thorny plant species. The mean depth and diameter of the nests were 12.32 cm and 4.18 cm respectively. Nesting activities were shared by both sexes. Four to six eggs were laid. The incubation period in 17 pairs varied from 10 to 15 days. All the nests (n = 60) were situated on four plant species only, the greatest preference being for Toddalia asiatica (50%), followed by Gymnosporia montana (25%) and Acacia chundra (20%). Although 50% of the nests were found on T. asiatica, this plant is a straggler and no nest was built on it if it was not present in association with G. montana. For constructing nests the Spotted Munia selected short and small trees in a microhabitat with low canopy cover.

5

Summer nest sites of the common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius L. in young woodlands of Lithuania

100%

Juskaitis R., Remeisis R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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tom 55

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nr 4

Selection of nest sites by the common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius L. depends on habitat type and suitable plants that can support and hide dormouse nests properly. Lithuania is situated in the northern part of the distribution rage of M. avellanarius. Some peculiarities of nest site selection in these dormice could be expected here compared to the regions situated further south because of differences in composition of the woody vegetation. Searches for nests of M. avellanarius were carried out in different young woodlands of Lithuania at 16 study sites, and detailed study of nest site selection in this species was carried out in an overgrown clearing in 2005–2006. In comparison to other parts of its distribution range, significant prevalence of Norway spruce as a nest supporting plant was observed in Lithuania. More than 70% of nests of M. avellanarius (n = 120) found in different young woodlands were situated in young spruce trees. In habitats where suitable spruce trees were absent or scarce, young deciduous tress (e.g. oak, ash, aspen, lime, hornbeam) and shrubs (e.g. hazel, bramble, raspberry, willow, honeysuckle) were selected for nesting sites. In overgrown mid-forest clearing, young spruce trees were evidently preferred by M. avellanarius as nest supporting plants despite their comparatively scarcity. Planted oak trees were selected by M. avellanarius for nesting in the plot of the clearing where young spruce trees were almost absent. The average height of dormouse nests was 1.0 ± 0.6 m above ground in young woodlands, and it was related to the age and height of young trees and shrubs.

6

Breeding biology of the endangered Blue Chaffinch Fringilla teydea polatzeki in Gran Canaria [Canary Islands]

84%

Rodriguez F., Moreno A. C.

Acta Ornithologica

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2008

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tom 43

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nr 2

207-215

The Blue Chaffinch is a passerine endemic to the Canary Islands and comprises two subspecies, one found on Tenerife (Fringilla teydea teydea) and the other on Gran Canaria (F. t. polatzeki). Even though the status of the Gran Canaria subspecies is endangered due to habitat loss and fragmentation, knowledge of its life history is anecdotal. We studied its breeding ecology during the years 1991-2004. New data are presented on breeding phenology, number of broods per year, egg biometrics, nest-site characteristics, breeding site fidelity and breeding success. In general, the breeding biology of the two subspecies were similar, with discrepancies in some previously reported traits, such as egg laying interval and frequency of second clutches. The Blue Chaffinch breeds earlier on Gran Canaria than on Tenerife: nests were begun mainly in the second fortnight of May. We did not find any relationship between the onset of egg laying and rainfall in March. However, the onset of the breeding period was negatively correlated with mean April temperature. The Blue Chaffinch showed preferences for a south-easterly nest orientation and for nest placement at the end of branches, where the nest is hidden by pine needles. Nests were located at various heights, from 5.5 to 23.8 m above the ground. 33% of females produced two broods a year. We found no differences in nest site characteristics between successful and unsuccessful nests, which suggests that other factors may be affecting the vulnerability of nests. The main cause of nesting failure (73.9%) was predation, due mostly to the Great Spotted Woodpecker.

7

Nest-site and landscape characteristics affect the distribution of breeding pairs of European Rollers Coracias garullus in an agricultural area of southeastern France

84%

Bouvier J.-C., Muller I., Genard M., Lescourret F., Lavigne C.

Acta Ornithologica

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2014

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tom 49

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nr 1

Understanding factors that drive the choice of breeding habitats for birds is important for species management and conservation. We addressed this question in the case of the European Roller Coradas garrulus, an endangered species listed in Annex I of the European Union directive for bird conservation. For secondary hole-nesting birds, such as rollers, the breeding micro- and macrohabitat selection may rely on the location of the nest hole in a tree and its immediate surrounding environment as well as the larger scale foraging habitat. We used both of these criteria to compare the characteristics of Green Woodpecker Picus viridis holes that either were or were not occupied by breeding pairs of the European Roller. Our study was carried out in an agricultural landscape of southeastern France where the population of European Roller is trending towards an increase. When compared to unoccupied holes, occupied holes were at a lower height (approx. 6 m above ground) and were preferentially located in dead trees with other holes in close vicinity. Occupied holes were also located in landscapes with lower land use intensity (i.e., higher proportions of meadows, fallow lands, and fewer hedgerows and built areas) than non-occupied holes. Finally, fallow lands and meadows harboured more Orthoptera, an important food resource for rollers, than other land cover categories. Thus, our results highlight the importance of these land covers for the species management and indicate that they may be favourable areas for nest-box provisioning.

8

Habitat and drey sities of the red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 in suburban parks of Wroclaw, SW Poland

84%

Kopij G.

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. Ser.A Vertebrata

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2009

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tom 52A

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nr 1-2

9

Nest site and nest-hole characteristics used by Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major L. in Croatia

84%

Cikovic D., Barisic S., Tutis V., Kralj J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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tom 62

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nr 2

Great Spotted Woodpecker is the most abundant and widespread European woodpecker species, and it thus contributes the most to the number of excavated tree holes – an important habitat resource for secondary hole users. However, majority of nest site characteristics data comes from boreal and temperate forests, with lack of information from Southern Europe. In this article, nest sites of the Great Spotted Woodpecker have been investigated in the continental forests of Croatia – a previously understudied area of this species’ range. A total of 41 active nest-holes found in the breeding seasons 2003 and 2004 are described. Nest-holes were mainly positioned below the crowns, in injuries of branch abscission. Nesting tree species were not used randomly: wild cherry Prunus avium in hill and pedunculate oak Quercus robur in riverine forests were preferred while hornbeam Carpinus betulus and maples Acer sp. were avoided. While tree species used for nesting vary across the Great Spotted Woodpecker range, and thus cannot be used as a uniform nest site predictor, defected wood spots on a tree, like scars of branch abscission, are identified as an important nest site clue and a habitat feature that is spatially more consistent. Nest-holes’ dimensions acquired in this research could not be clearly differentiated from those given for the other parts of the continent.

10

Selection of breeding cliffs by Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in Crete [Greece]

84%

Xirouchakis S. M., Mylonas M.

Acta Ornithologica

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2005

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tom 40

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nr 2

155-161

A multivariate analysis was carried out in order to investigate the most influential habitat variables and related features in the selection of breeding cliffs by the Griffon Vulture in Crete. The species was found nesting in mid-altitude areas, close to stock-raising units, on high limestone cliffs, which were also well protected against the prevailing winds of the island. A principal components analysis, which explained 53% of the total variance of the variables examined, differentiated Griffon Vulture colonies in relation to their isolation from other colonies, accessibility to humans and proximity to food resources. In addition, a stepwise discriminant function analysis between breeding and random cliffs included the height of the cliff, its substratum, the altitude, and the distance to the stock breeding unit in a model that successfully classified 97.1% of the nesting and 88.2% of the random cliffs. In comparison to continental regions the Griffon Vulture colonies in Crete were located on higher cliffs but at a lower altitude. This fact should be attributed to the species nesting on steep coastal cliffs close to the livestock's wintering areas.

11

Selection of nesting and foraging habitat by the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina [Brehm] in the Knyszynska Forest [NE Poland]

84%

Mirski P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom 57

|

nr 3

581-587

To manage conservation issues, it is essential to recognize the factors determining the occurrence of endangered species. This study examined the foraging habitat and nest site preferences of the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina (Brehm) in the Knyszyńska Forest (NE Poland). This is a large (839 km²) protected (Landscape Park Puszcza Knyszyńska, NATURA 2000) forest complex composed mainly with coniferous and mixed wood stands with meadows in river valleys inside the complex and arable lands outside it. The research was carried out on a study plot of 440 km², in the breeding seasons of 2006 and 2007. Nest site characteristics, such as distance to open areas, settlements and watercourses were measured and compared with random points. The habitat composition of hunting territories was recorded and compared to habitat availability on the whole study plot, and the birds’ hunting effort was assessed. The eagles showed a preference for nesting close to open spaces (potential hunting grounds) and watercourses (like rivers and streams), but avoided proximity to human settlements. As hunting grounds, the birds highly preferred grasslands and avoided arable lands. Time spent hunting on grasslands comprised over 95% of the observed hunting activities and grasslands were significantly positively selected both in the whole study plot and within a 2 km-radius from nest. The results suggest that the conservation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle should focus especially on meadows and pastures adjacent to large forest complexes.

12

Influence of habitat and nest-site quality on the breeding performance of Lanner Falcons Falco biarmicus

84%

Amato M., Ossino A., Brogna A., Cipriano M., D'Angelo R., Dipasquale G., Mannino V., Andreotti A., Leonardi G.

Acta Ornithologica

|

2014

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tom 49

|

nr 1

Site quality may influence breeding performance especially in raptors showing strong territory fidelity as predicted by the site-dependent population regulation hypothesis. Thus, the occupancy of nest-sites is non-random, indicating a preference of certain territories, apparently of higher quality. During four breeding seasons (2003-2006), we recorded the occupancy rate and the number of young fledged from Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus feldeggii nest-sites in eastern Sicily, Italy. Breeding sites with different occupancy rates showed significant differences in environmental attributes, mainly altitude. A generalised linear model revealed a significant effect of the slope of the nest-site on mean fledgling number per successful pair. In addition, the mean slope of the nest territory and the slope of the nest-site are the main predictors for differentiating the cliff selection by Lanners and by much more competitive Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus. Finally, our results suggest a crucial role of the high quality sites for the population viability. Occupancy rates were positively related to the mean number of young fledged per territorial pair and during the four years of the study period six high quality nest-sites raised 58% of young produced in the whole study area. We suggest that the annual production of young of the high quality territories should be preserved and that evaluation of the effective contribution of the low quality sites for the persistence of a viable population in Sicily should be performed.

13

Nest sites of Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius in near-natural and managed riverine forests

84%

Kosinski Z., Ksit P., Winiecki A.

Acta Ornithologica

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2006

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tom 41

|

nr 1

14

Nest site preference of forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula (Pallas) in the north-western corner of the distribution range

84%

Juskaitis R., Balciauskas L., Siozinyte V.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2012

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tom 60

|

nr 4

Lithuania is situated in the very north-western corner of the large distribution range of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula and it might be considered that dormouse habitats should be both different and sub-optimal in this area in comparison to central parts of the range. The aims of the present study were to analyse which vegetation parameters determine nest site preference of D. nitedula and to compare these with nest site preferences of other dormouse species. The population of D. nitedula was studied from 2001 to 2011 using nestboxes set up in a grid system, with regular control of the nestboxes and ringing of dormice captured. During entire study period, 97 individuals were marked with rings and the total number of dormouse captures was 440. Vegetation parameters (the composition of the overstorey and understorey, the numbers and cover of different tree and shrub species, absence of vegetation etc.) were evaluated quantitatively in areas of 2500 m2 around 58 nestboxes at this study site. During the period 2001–2002, the abundance of D. nitedula was relatively high, with the dormice using the entire area of the study site, showing a preference for nest sites with a more diverse overstorey and understorey. However, no significant correlations were found between indices of nestbox use and other vegetation parameters in this period. During the period 2003–2011, when the dormouse abundance was lower but stable, dormice used only part of the study site area, in this preferring nest sites with a better developed and diverse understorey (especially with young rowan, lime and aspen trees), with more abundant mature oak, lime and black alder trees and a higher percentage of raspberry and bramble cover, as well as overgrown clearings. D. nitedula avoided nest sites with higher total number of mature trees (especially Scotch pine and Norway spruce), as well as areas with higher percentage of bilberry cover and open areas (rides, presence of stumps). In general, a well-developed and diverse understorey was the main habitat component which determined nest site preference of D. nitedula in the very northwestern corner of its range. Thus, D. nitedula retains its main habitat requirement which is characteristic also for other parts of its large range. Vegetation parameters determining nest site preference of D. nitedula are rather similar to nest site preference of the common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius. However, D. nitedula may live in less rich habitats probably because their diet includes more food of animal origin.

15

A comparison of two European breeding habitats of the Water Rail Rallus aquaticus

84%

De Kroon G. H. J.

Acta Ornithologica

|

2004

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tom 39

|

nr 1

The study was carried out in two sites — fluvial mires (FM) in Netherlands, and at salt marshes (SM) and at the borders of lagoons (BL) in Spain. All 58 nests were found in unmown and ungrazed vegetation. Carex species were dominant at the nesting sites FM, but not Phragmites australis. Juncus maritimus was dominant in the SM and at the BL. The plant communities at and around the nest sites of FM differed from those of SM + BL. At nest height from the side the nest was mostly only poorly visible. Nests at nest height and eggs at observer eye level were invisible among dense clusters of Juncus maritimus tussocks. Visibility of eggs in reed stands mixed with Carex species and in Sparganium erectum stands was mostly poor and moderate respectively. This was in contrast to nests situated among Juncus maritimus stems. For the most part, an incubating Water Rail on the nest at eye-level was hardly visible in any of the various stands. The vegetation height of nest sites in SM and BL was considerably less than in FM owed to the absence of Phragmites australis. The nest height in tussocks of Juncus maritimus was greater. The other nests characteristics (diameter, depth and weight) were not significantly different in FM and SM + BL. The nest material corresponded to the plant species in the immediate vicinity of the nest.

16

The abundance of tree holes and utilization by hole-nesting birds in a primeval boreal forest of Mongolia

84%

Bai M. L., Wichmann F., Muhlenberg M.

Acta Ornithologica

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2003

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tom 38

|

nr 2

The natural tree holes and nest holes of hole-nesting birds were surveyed in four forest types in the west Khentii Mountains of NE Mongolia. The utilization patterns of species, size and condition of trees, as well as hole types, were investigated. The average density of tree holes in the study area approached 30 holes/ha, while that of hole-nesting birds was 2.4 nests/ha only. The riparian mixed forest had the greatest number of species and individuals of hole-nesting birds, while the spruce-fir forest had the lowest numbers. Excavating bird species preferred larger, deciduous trees, and snags. Non-excavators did not select holes according to tree species or size, but preferred holes in living trees and branch holes. In view of the low occupancy of holes among the four habitats, we suggest that the density of secondary hole-nesting birds is not limited by availability of holes in the study area.

17

Nest tree utilization by the Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus in the semi-evergreen forest of Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary [S India]

84%

Maheswaran B., Balasubramanian P.

Acta Ornithologica

|

2003

|

tom 38

|

nr 1

18

Spatial and temporal relations between the Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria and the Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio in the Wielkopolska Region [W Poland]

84%

Kuzniak S., Bednorz J., Tryjanowski P.

Acta Ornithologica

|

2001

|

tom 36

|

nr 2

The Red-backed Shrike and the Barred Warbler are a pair of species engaged in breeding association. Whilst the arrival time of both species from their wintering grounds was not correlated, they differed in median arrival time by only one day. The majority of the Barred Warbler territories were located within those of the Red- backed Shrike, in both forest and farmland plots. Both species differed significantly in their selection of nest sites, at least in farmland. Unlike to the Red-backed Shrike (n = 297), the Barred Warbler (n = 60) preferred blackberry bushes and small deciduous thomless shrubs, and avoided elder, coniferous and hawthorn. The Barred Warbler nests were placed significantly lower than those of the Red-backed Shrike. The results show that no special ecological relationships exist as was suggested in earlier papers for other areas.

19

Breeding habitat selection in the House Martin Delichon urbica in the city of Valencia [Spain]

84%

Murgui E.

Acta Ornithologica

|

2002

|

tom 37

|

nr 2

20

Nesting of the Acrocephalus warblers

84%

Bochenski Z., Kusnierczyk P.

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia

|

2003

|

tom 46

|

nr 2

The paper contains data concerning nest sites, material, construction, shape, and sizes in the majority of Acrocephalus species. The descriptions are based on field studies, museum specimens, and literature. The system proposed by CLEMENTS (2000) including 36 species in the genus Acrocephalus has been adopted. Similarities and differences in nesting of 32 species and four subspecies are studied in the last chapter on the basis of 38 characters assembled in Table XLI. They do not always reflect systematic relations of warblers within the genus Acrocephalus on the basis of molecular data.

Ograniczanie wyników

Nest-sites used by Stock Doves Columba oenas: what determines their occupancy?

Environmental correlates of nest site selection by wild boar Sus scrofa

Effect of landscape structure on nest site selection and nesting success of grey partridge Perdix perdix in Western Poland

Nesting ecology of the Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary [Southern India]

Summer nest sites of the common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius L. in young woodlands of Lithuania

Breeding biology of the endangered Blue Chaffinch Fringilla teydea polatzeki in Gran Canaria [Canary Islands]

Nest-site and landscape characteristics affect the distribution of breeding pairs of European Rollers Coracias garullus in an agricultural area of southeastern France

Habitat and drey sities of the red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 in suburban parks of Wroclaw, SW Poland

Nest site and nest-hole characteristics used by Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major L. in Croatia

Selection of breeding cliffs by Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in Crete [Greece]

Selection of nesting and foraging habitat by the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina [Brehm] in the Knyszynska Forest [NE Poland]

Influence of habitat and nest-site quality on the breeding performance of Lanner Falcons Falco biarmicus

Nest sites of Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius in near-natural and managed riverine forests

Nest site preference of forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula (Pallas) in the north-western corner of the distribution range

A comparison of two European breeding habitats of the Water Rail Rallus aquaticus

The abundance of tree holes and utilization by hole-nesting birds in a primeval boreal forest of Mongolia

Nest tree utilization by the Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus in the semi-evergreen forest of Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary [S India]

Spatial and temporal relations between the Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria and the Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio in the Wielkopolska Region [W Poland]

Breeding habitat selection in the House Martin Delichon urbica in the city of Valencia [Spain]

Nesting of the Acrocephalus warblers