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In total, 1414 Antarctic bony fishes and 66 sub-Antarctic ones were examined for nematodes. One species, Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) fraseri (Baylis, 1929), is redescribed and figured. Dichelyne fraseri var. nototheniae (Baylis, 1929) is considered identical with the nominal form. The validity of D. dichelyneformis (Szidat, 1950) is questioned. D. fraseri is considered a specific parasite of Notothenioidea (Perciformes) and a report on the occurrence in Muraenolepis marmoratus (Gadiformes, Muraenolepidae) is considered doubtful. Occurrence of D. fraseri is reported from 3 areas in the West Antarctic - at South Georgia, the S. Orkney Islands (new geographic record) and the S. Shetland Islands (new geographic record, probably at the southern border of its geographical distribution), as well as from the Kerguelen subregion of the sub-Antarctic. The species was also reported by various authors from the Magellanic sub- region, but it is absent in the subcontinental waters (southern part of the West Antarctic and the whole of East Antarctic). The species is associated with benthic and bentho-pelagic hosts. New host records are Parachaenichthys georgianus, Notothenia angustifrons, N. neglecta, Nototheniops nudifrons and Trematomus vicarius. All previous and present data are summarized.
Permeability of the intestine to ⁵¹Cr-EDTA administered intragastrically was assessed in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis, in gerbils infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and in rabbits infected with Obeliscoides cuniculi. The results showed that, compared with the worm-free control animals, there was a significant increase in the recovery of ⁵¹Cr-EDTA in the urine five hours after the administration of the ⁵¹Cr-EDTA in all infected animals, about six times more in mice, ten times more in gerbils, and five times more in rabbits. Increased gut permeability appeared to be associated with changes in the mucosal surface of the gut, directly related to the action of the worms on the epithelium.
The list of species of the plant parasitic nematodes presented in this paper (133 species belonging to 14 families) is based on the results of faunistic research conducted in the Wielkopolska region by Polish nematologists up until the year 2010, and the results obtained from the project “Elaboration of Innovative Methods for Rapid Identification of Nematodes Causing Damage to the Economy” managed by the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. During the two years of the project (2010-2011) we found 21 species of nematodes which had not yet been reported in the list of species from the Wielkopolska region. Two of them were reported for the first time in Poland.
The trace elements Cu, Cr, Co, Zn, Pb, V, Mo, Ni, Be, Sn, W, Zr, Ag, Sb, As, Bi, Ba, Sr, Ga, Y, Nb and La are reported from the ash of two nematodes, Ascarops strongylina and Ascaris suum from pigs, following analysis by emission spectroscopy.
The study was aimed at selecting species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes to be used in practical control of the housefly in stables, which should provide welfare of bred animals. Test insect, the housefly, and entomopathogenic nematodes of the family Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae were used in experiments. Laboratory strains of nematodes and those commercially available in Poland and in Europe were used in performed tests. Larvae, pupae and imagines of M. domestica were cultivated in the Institute of Organic Industry in Warsaw. Four groups were created for each nematode species. Not all nematode species and strains were equally pathogenic to houseflies.
The aim of the paper was to identify the influence of magnesium on the preservation of pathogenic abilities of entomopathogenic nematodes living in soil contaminated with oil derivatives. Entomopathogenic nematodes living under natural conditions in soil or applied to soil as biopreparations for plant pest control are sensitive to soil contamination with heavy metals and oil derivatives. These nematodes do not respond directly by higher mortality but by a decrease in their pathogenic abilities, which adversely affects the success in searching and eliminating pests. A Polish commercial preparation called Owinema SC, containing infective juveniles of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), was used to test the effect of oil derivatives on pathogenicity and reproduction of entomopathogenic nematodes. Soil was polluted with petrol, diesel oil and used engine oil; the control was soil unpolluted with oil derivatives. Magnesium sulphate was also added (MgSO4∙H2O) in the amount of 160 mg per 1 liter of the suspension. The three oil derivatives in concentrations of: 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 g or in double doses, i.e. 0.6, 1.2 and 2.0 g were poured over weighted soil batches. The control remained intact. Three replications of each treatment were made. Subsequently, Tenebrio molitor L. larvae used as bait inesct were placed in containers with the suspension. The bait insects were kept in the containers for 7 days, and afterwards they were removed from the soil and taken from the traps in order to check their mortality rate. Furthermore, to test the reproduction ability of entomopathogenic nematodes, dead larvae were moved to “islands” previously prepared according to the Dutky method. The results were presented as the number of entomopathogenic nematodes per 1 dead larvae of Tenebrio molitor L.
Do poważniejszych szkodników roślin w NRD należy Globodera rostochiensis i G. pallida. Występowanie G. pallida ogranicza się jedynie do pojedynczych ognisk, natomiast G. rostochiensis występuje powszechnie. Obecnie w okręgu rostockim zakażonych jest ok. 74% badanej powierzchni. Do 1983 r. na ponad 84 000 ha wprowadzono odmiany ziemniaka odporne na nicienie, w rezultacie czego porażenie pól zmniejszyło się do 20%. Około 50% gleb lekkich i średnich w południowym okręgu NRD jest porażonych przez mątwiki zbożowe. Obok Heterodera avenae występowały H. hordecalis, H. longicaudata i Punctodera punctata. Na buraku cukrowym oprócz Heterodera schachtii występuje drugi gatunek, tworzący żółte cysty, który stanowi prawdopodobnie monoseksualną rasę mątwika koniczynowego H. trifolii. Heterodera daverti został zidentyfikowany jako obojnacza forma mątwika koniczynowego w Stacji Doświadczalnej Sekcji Melioracji i Produkcji Roślinnej przy Uniwersytecie w Rostoku. W południowych rejonach NRD stwierdzono cysty Heterodera humuli na chmielu, jednak nie obserwowano wyraźnych szkód. W ostatnim czasie, szczególnie w gorących latach, stwierdzono występowanie Meloidogyne hapla, przede wszystkim w rejonach Poczdamu i Cottbus. Z wędrujących nicieni korzeniowych do najważniejszych należą Pratylenchus spp. Występowały one licznie na zbożach i na rajgrasie włoskim wywołując szkody - szczególnie na glebach kwaśnych przy uproszczonym płodozmianie. Ektopasożytniczy nicień Tylenchorhynchus dubius (500 osobników w 100 cm³ gleby) powodował w naszych doświadczeniach spadek plonu jęczmienia jarego o 32,2%. Groźnymi szkodnikami pąków i liści truskawek oraz innych roślin ogrodowych są: Aphelenchoides fragariae i A. ritzema-bosi. Ditylenchus dipsaci - nicień łodygowy - jest groźnym szkodnikiem obniżającym plony, głównie cebuli, w południowych rejonach NRD. Spośród nicieni występujących w regionach tropikalnych i subtropikalnych znajdowaliśmy Radopholus similis na Marantha i Calathea. Gatunek ten został jednak wyeliminowany, podobnie jak stwierdzony Pratylenchus scribneri na Vriesea splendens. W 1983 r. w okręgu Halle wyizolowano z rizosfery korzeni kukurydzy i fasoli karłowej gatunek osiadły - Rotylenchus borealis.
The fauna of helminths of hydrophilic birds was subject of many works in Ukraine. But the most of investigators dealt with helminth fauna of waterfowls in general. And only few works were dedicated to the parasitic nematodes. There are registered 81 species of helminths on Ukraine and 36 species of nematode of hydrophilic bird for Polissya (23 species for Belarus. 15 for Poland and 18 for Ukraine). As well it was compared lists of parts of Polissya between itself. The comprehension of the parasitic nematodes from different part of Polissya showed that 6 species of nematodes are common for whole Polissya: Eucoleus contortus, Amidostomum anseris, Echinuria uncinata, Porrocaecum crassum, Porrocaecum semiteres and Tetrameres fissispina. Further studies are necessary to increase our knowledge on biodiversity of the parasitic nematodes in waterfowls and clear up their taxonomic status.
The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). This nematode is considered to be an indigenous to North America and was introduced to Japan in the late 19th century. Subsequently, it has spread throughout Japan and in many other countries, China, Taiwan, and South Korea. In 1999, B. xylophilus was discovered in Portugal, and in 2008 in Spain. So far the studies have revealed that the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus varies between different isolates. The conducted study compared the pathogenicity of five isolates of B. xylophilus, originating from different parts of Japan, to 3-year-old Pinus sylvestris, and their ability to reproduce in the seedlings. The results revealed diverse virulence of B. xylophilus resulting in plant mortality. Three isolates S10, Ka4, and T4 caused 100% mortality of plants within three months while at the same time, the other two isolates, C14-5 and OKD-1 did not cause any disease symptoms on plants. After seven months, some dieback occurred on two seedlings, but similar symptoms were also found on the control plant. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between nematode virulence and the number of nematodes reproducing on pine seedlings.
Hierarchical cluster analysis based on cyst and cone top morphometric means including cyst length, cyst width, cyst length to cyst width ratio, vulval slit length, vulval bridge length, vulval bridge breadth, under bridge breadth, length of fenestra, breadth of fenestra, distance from anus to fenestra and number of secondary bullae was used to learn more about cyst and cone top morphometric means and their relationships for six populations of Heterodera zeae from Indore, Ludhiana, Delhi, Udaipur, Kanpur and Samastipur by using SPSS 13 for Windows computer software (SPSS Inc.). Values of proximity matrix based on cluster analysis of morphometrics and the dendrograms visually illustrated the grouping and relationships among populations. Intra specific variations in the different characters of the cone top structure revealed that Indore and Samastipur populations of H. zeae were different as compared to other ones of H. zeae. Cluster analysis of cyst morphometrics showed that the populations of H. zeae from Kanpur and Delhi were different as compare to other four ones.
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