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Changes in runoff as an indicative measure of water retention status in the Bialowieza Primeval Forest

100%

Tyszka J., Stolarek A.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2013

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tom 55

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nr 2

The study concerned changing status of water retention within an unique nature complex of the Białowieża Primeval Forest. The retention was evaluated based on an analysis of research results on water outflow from the lowland catchment of the river Łutownia – representative for physiographic conditions as well as those of habitats and tree stands in Poland’s part of the Forest. The catchment in the lowland hydrometric dissection at the Pogorzelce village – Old Białowieża Wilderness, covers the area of 120.1 km2 with natural flow conditions preserved. A unified sequence of measurements carried out since 1966 using unchanged methodology with respect to precipitation, air temperature and forest management status allowed to separate different phases of changes occurring in water resources of this protected forest complex. There were appraised periodical runoff changes and cycles including a decrease in water resources which occurred at the turn of the century. The retention capacity of the catchment was determined based on periodical changes in rainfall-runoff relations and the ongoing process of deteriorating water conditions of forest ecosystem was interpreted.

2

Natural forests of Quercus robur L. in Northwest Spain - main properties of soils

86%

Diaz-Maroto I. J., Vila-Lameiro P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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tom 55

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nr 2

The main properties of the soils under oak (Quercus robur L.) forests in Galicia (NW Spain) were characterized. Eleven edaphic parameters (pH, OM, N, C/N ratio, P, K, Ca, Mg, sand, silt and clay) were estimated in 39 soil samples. Siliceous substrates were present in all stands and the soils were found to be the cambisols. The values of chemical parameters are similar to those considered as the optimal ones by other authors (i.e., average pH close to 5, average C/N ratio close to 15) with the exception of the organic matter which is slightly higher; the average value is equal to 8.64 ± 5.19. The content of nutrients can be considered as the low or medium (for instance, the potassium is only 73 ppm) as compared with other forests in the study area, except the content of phosphorus, which is considerably higher (21.8 ppm versus 1–6 ppm).

3

Comparision between electronic acceptances recorded by harvester and measuring frame KESAT in the conversion depot

72%

Dvorak J., Karnet P., Rusnakova P.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Forestry

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2008

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tom 11

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nr 4

4

Structural diversity closely associated with canopy species diversity and stand age in species-poor montane forests on Loess Plateau of China

72%

Liu N., Wang H., Nan H.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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tom 65

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nr 2

High species diversity is often accompanied with and supported by a diversified stand structure in species-rich natural forests. However, the relationship between species diversity and stand structural diversity is less examined in species-poor forests. In montane forests on Loess Plateau of north-central China in a semi-arid climate zone, canopy species diversity and vertical structure of 57 broadleaves, conifer and mixed stands, with varying stand ages and site conditions, were randomly sampled. Canopy species diversity was represented by Shannon's index (H'). Stand structural diversity was represented by two indices respectively, i.e. coefficients of variation of diameter measurements at breast height (CVdbh) and Shannon's index of diameter classes (H'dbh). Structural equation models (SEMs) were constructed to explore multiple relationships between stand structural diversity and canopy species diversity, stand age and elevation. Both stand structural diversity indices increased directly with H' and stand age. However, indirect positive effect of stand age via increasing H' was only significant on CV. H'dbh provided positive feedback on H', while effect of stand age was only indirect via increasing structural diversity. Elevation significantly affected coefficients of variation of diameter, which was probably a sampling effect due to narrow distribution of broadleaves-conifer stands in altitudinal range. In conclusion, the results showed that stand structural diversity and canopy species diversity and stand age are closely associated with the species-poor montane forests like these on Loess Plateau of north-central China.

5

Changes in horizontal structure of natural beech forests on an altitudinal gradient in the Sudetes

72%

Vacek Z., Vacek S., Bilek L., Remes J., Stefancik I.

Dendrobiology

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2015

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tom 73

The article describes horizontal structure of the tree layer, natural regeneration, snags and crown projections of natural beech stands on three permanent research plots in the wide altitudinal range in the Krkonoše Mts (Czech Republic). The spatial structure was classified from 1980 to 2010 and subsequently the prediction of spontaneous development with an outlook for 30 years (to 2040) was done by growth simulator. Hopkins-Skellam index, Pielou-Mountford index, Clark-Evans index and Ripley’s K-function were calculated. Further, the vertical structure and total diversity index was evaluated. The horizontal structure of individuals in the tree layer had not changed significantly during the monitored years. Tree spatial pattern of the lowest altitude lying herb-rich beech forest was mostly regular to random, in acidophilous mountain beech forest predominantly random and in fragments of beech groups around the timberline aggregated. Juvenile growth on all investigated plots was distributed aggregated and snags randomly. The horizontal structure of crown projection centroids had always higher values toward the regularity than tree layer and was random to regular. The result of principal component analysis also confirmed that spatial pattern was dependent on the altitude, but also on the number of trees.

6

Nest sites of Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius in near-natural and managed riverine forests

72%

Kosinski Z., Ksit P., Winiecki A.

Acta Ornithologica

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2006

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tom 41

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nr 1

7

The encroachment of spruce onto anthropogenically eroded sites

72%

Balcerkiewicz S., Pawlak G.

Seria Biologiczna. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

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2004

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tom 69

8

Ditiola peziziformis [Fungi, Basidiomycetes], first record in the Polish Carpathians

72%

Piatek M.

Polish Botanical Journal

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2001

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tom 46

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nr 1

9

Light limitation of growth in 10-year-old seedlings of Taxus baccata L. [European yew]

72%

Iszkulo G., Lewandowski A., Jasinska A. K., Dering M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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tom 55

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nr 4

Taxus baccata L. is a rare and endangered species with restricted occurrence. One or two-year-old yew seedlings occur quite frequently in natural stands of the species, but older seedlings are rarely observed. Therefore we investigated the relationship between light intensity and the growth rate of ten-year-old seedlings of the European yew Taxus baccata (L.). The study was conducted in a preservation area established in 1999 in order to protect the gene pool of the ‘Cisy Staropolskie’ Reserve in the Bory Tucholskie Forest (northern Poland). A total of 570 three-year-old seedlings were planted under the canopy of a 45-year-old forest stand composed of oak (50%), birch (40%) and hornbeam (10%). Measurements of seedling heights were taken in 1999, 2003 and 2005. In 2005, the current annual growth increment was measured. Relative Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (RPPFD) up to 30% had a positive influence on the height and annual height increment of the yews, but most of individuals grew below 5% RPPFD. This suggests that increasing light level would increase growth of yew in both natural recruitment and planting.

10

Maps of real and potential natural forest vegetation of the Slowinski National Park

72%

Brzeg A., Jackowiak B., Kasprowicz M.

Seria Biologiczna. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

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2004

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tom 69

11

Effects of urbanization on the plant cover of Warsaw

72%

Chojnacki J., Sudnik-Wojcikowska B.

Memorabilia Zoologica

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1994

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tom 49

12

Small scale spatial pattern of a soil seed bank in old-growth decidous forest

58%

Wodkiewicz M., Kwiatkowska-Falinska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 3

We studied an old growth deciduous forest seed bank to examine how its potential role in regeneration is shaped by natural forest environment. Our research questions were: is the spatial pattern of seed bank influenced by local variation in elevation, soil moisture and light intensity, and what is the impact of herb layer characteristics on seed bank pattern. We recorded species composition of the herb layer and seed bank on a 2 × 40 m study plot divided into 20 quadrates, situated in a natural oak-hornbeam forest, in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, (NE Poland). Soil cores were sampled from two soil layers (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm) yielding altogether 40 samples of a total 15.9 dm3 and 0.159 m². Seeds were extracted from soil samples under a microscope. Ellenberg indicator values were used to characterize light (L) and moisture (F) conditions. Relative quadrate elevation was averaged for nine points. There were 6.65 × 10³ seeds m⁻² in upper soil layer and 3.00 × 10³ seeds m⁻² in lower soil layer. Seed bank structure constituted of patches 6 m diameter in the upper soil layer and 4 m in the lower soil layer. Aggregated pattern of the seed bank was influenced by clumped distribution of plants in the herb layer. Seed bank species richness in the upper soil layer was correlated with moisture (r = 0.485, P =0.03) and light (r = 0.526, P = 0.0172) values. Seed densities were correlated with moisture (r = 0.848 P <0.0001 upper and r = 0.491 P = 0.0278 lower soil layer) and light (r = 0.803 P <0.0001 upper and r = 0.751 P = 0.0001 lower soil layer). Seed density in upper soil layer was negatively correlated with elevation (r =–0.485 P = 0.0422). Higher seed density and species richness of the seed bank associated with better light conditions and higher moisture is probably caused by higher seed production in favourable conditions, and factors promoting seed persistence in soil. Our results indicate, that even subtle changes in light, moisture and mean relative elevation can shape seed bank spatial pattern on a fine local scale, differentiating the response of this community to small scale disturbances present in natural forests.

13

The dynamics and structure of dead wood in natural spruce-beech forest stand - a 40 year case study in the Krkonose National Park

58%

Vacek S., Vacek Z., Bilek L., Hejcmanova P., Sticha V., Remes J.

Dendrobiology

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2015

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tom 73

The study deals with long-term dynamics of snags and fallen dead wood from 1970 to 2010 in an unmanaged forest ecosystem dominated by European beech in the Bažinky area, Krkonoše National Park (Czech Republic). The volume of dead wood was estimated from 1970 separately for fallen dead wood (logs) and standing dead wood (snags and stumps). Total dead wood volume on permanent research plot (PRP) 6 increased from 41.9 to 241.6 m3 ha–1 and on PRP 7 from 27.7 to 170.0 m3 ha–1. During 40 year case study the mean total volume of fallen dead wood was 193.3 m3 ha–1 (± 29.8 S.E.) and 96.2 m3 ha–1 (± 19.4 S.E.) and the mean total volume of standing dead wood was 17.4 m3 ha–1 (± 3.4 S.E.) and 12.6 m3 ha–1(± 1.4 S.E.) on PRP 6 and PRP 7, respectively. Comparing tree species, the mean volume of fallen dead wood was significantly higher for Norway spruce than for beech in the decomposition class 1 (F(1, 14) = 5.7, P = 0.03) and significantly higher for beech in the decomposition classes 4 (F(1, 14) = 20.4, P < 0.001) and 5 (F(1, 14) = 25.5, P < 0.001). Dead wood was distributed from randomly to aggregated spatial pattern. Despite the rapid decay of beech wood, the amounts of deadwood are likely to increase further during the next decades with continuing disintegration of the forest stand.

14

Collembolan guild structure as an indicator of tree plantation conditions in urban areas

58%

Kuznetzova N. A.

Memorabilia Zoologica

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1994

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tom 49

15

Female characteristics and breeding success of the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis [Temm., 1815] in natural forest [Bialowieza Forest, East Poland]

58%

Mitrus C.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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tom 53

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nr 2

The relation between Collared Flycatcher females’ selected characteristics (age, body condition and wing length) and breeding success was studied during seven breeding seasons (1995–2001) in nest-boxes in old-growth oak-lime-hornbeam of Białowieża Forest (Eastern Poland). Yearling females started laying almost three days later and produced smaller clutches (6.1 vs. 6.4 eggs) with fewer nestlings (5.4 vs. 6.1) and fledglings (5.1 vs. 5.7) than did older females. No differences were found in partial losses (i.e. proportion of eggs or nestlings that did not fledge). Body condition had influence only on time of egg laying. Wing length of young females was positively correlated with number of fledglings but no relations were found with other reproductive parameters. Age may be a key factor influencing breeding success in female Collared Flycatchers in the natural conditions in Białowieża Forest.

16

Winter abundance of hole-nesting birds in natural and managed woods of Zealand [Denmark]

58%

Bursell J.

Acta Ornithologica

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2002

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tom 37

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nr 2

17

Long-term changes in stand composition of natural forest associations on the Roztocze Highlands (Eastern Poland)

51%

Maciejewski Z., Szwagrzyk J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 3

The purpose of this study was to determine the trends and rates of spontaneous changes in the structure and species composition of natural forests which are composed mostly of tree species growing at the limits of their natural range of distribution. We analyzed the demographic processes in populations of woody species in the years 1968‒2005. The investigations were conducted in strictly protected areas in the Roztoczański National Park (The Roztocze Highlands, Eastern Poland) on four 0.5-ha sample plots, established in the 1960s. These plots represented three forest communities: upland fir mixed forest Abietetum polonicum (Ap), Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae–Fagetum (DgF), and pine-oaks mixed forest Querco roboris– Pinetum (QrP)). Measurements were conducted in 1968, 1978 (two sample plots only) and in two study periods (1993‒1995 and 2003‒2005). Measurements in the last two periods included canopy trees (DBH and height) forest regeneration (saplings, seedlings and germinants) as well as dead wood (snags and coarse woody debris). The results revealed significant and dynamic changes in the studied forests. The directions and rates of changes were different among forest communities. Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) showed continuous decrease in all the forest associations. The highest rates of change were found in the DgF forest association. Data from the last measurement showed, that the rate of fir decline has slowed down, and in some cases even a slight increase of its share was recorded. However, the continuous decrease in abundance of the fir regeneration in all study plots suggests, that fir in the near future can be partly replaced by the broadleaved species. Among them, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) revealed the most dynamic species. It showed a systematic increase of it’s share in stand composition, according to the number of trees and basal area in all investigated plots. The largest increase of this species was recorded in the QrP forest association. Untill 1993 hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) developed well in the DgF association, and it also increased in abundance in the Ap association. The last measurements confirmed large increase the number of hornbeams in the DgF association, whereas it’s share in stand basal area revealed a weak downward tendency in both associations. After 1993 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) grow only in the Ap forest communities, where its development is rather weak. The share of Norway spruce in forest composition has diminished systematically since 1968. The measurements from 2003 revealed a slight increase of the basal area of spruce and substantial decrease of its regeneration. Other tree species: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the successive measurements showed a systematic decrease of their number, basal area and share in the stand composition. There was also no natural regeneration of these species. Observed changes could be mainly attributed to natural rocesses of forests development (including natural disturbances) in general and to specific mechanisms of competition in forests composed of tree species growing close to the limits of their natural distribution ranges. In some cases the dynamics of researched species (hornbeam, pine and oak) can be explained as the regeneration processes of ecosystems affected previously by human activities.

18

Long-term changes in the abundance and mass of the main tree species in beechwood and fir forest communities of Roztoczanski National Park [East-Central Poland]

51%

Maciejewski Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1998

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tom 46

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nr 2

19

Mozliwosci produkcyjne drzewostanu lipowego w rezerwacie 'Las Lipowy Obrozyska'

44%

Gralek K., Jaworski A., Kolodziej Z., Majerczyk K.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Silvestris

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2009

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tom 47

3-26

The aim of this study was to determine the productive potentiality (stand volume, basal area, and their increments) of the natural little leaf linden stand 26.68 ha in area. This stand is a part of the Obrożyska nature reserve of the total forest area of 98.25 ha. Measurements were carried out in 1995 and 2005 on 26 4-are sample plots established according to the statistical-mathematical system of forest inventory and control, and in 1999 and 2000 on three permanent sample plots which represented different developmental stages and phases of the virgin forest. Between 1990 and 2005, the mean volume of the entire stand increased from 538 to 567 m3/ha. In the growing up stage it increased from 554 to 584 m3/ha, while in the optimum stage from 510 to 541 m3/ha. The volume increment in these two stages was 66 and 51 m3/ha/10 years respectively. Volume of the stand representing the growing up stage in transition to the optimum stage (Obrożyska I classical permanent sample plot) increased during the 10-year period from 700 to 768 m3/ha, while in the stand representing the initial phase of the optimum stage (Obrożyska II) it increased from 797 to 861 m3/ha, and in the stand representing the growing up stage (Obrożyska III) from 696 to 761 m3/ha. The volume increment in these three plots was almost 80, 96, and 82 m3/ha/10 years respectively. The stand volume per hectare of the little leaf linden forest in the Obrożyska reserve is one of the highest among stands of natural character in the Polish part of the Carpathians. A very high productive potentiality of the investigated little leaf linden stand permits to accept this tree species as the main species in stands of the submontane zone as well as in the lower part of the lower montane zone in the Poprad river valley and in the climate close to that of the surroundings of the town of Muszyna.

Ograniczanie wyników

Changes in runoff as an indicative measure of water retention status in the Bialowieza Primeval Forest

Natural forests of Quercus robur L. in Northwest Spain - main properties of soils

Comparision between electronic acceptances recorded by harvester and measuring frame KESAT in the conversion depot

Structural diversity closely associated with canopy species diversity and stand age in species-poor montane forests on Loess Plateau of China

Changes in horizontal structure of natural beech forests on an altitudinal gradient in the Sudetes

Nest sites of Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius in near-natural and managed riverine forests

The encroachment of spruce onto anthropogenically eroded sites

Ditiola peziziformis [Fungi, Basidiomycetes], first record in the Polish Carpathians

Light limitation of growth in 10-year-old seedlings of Taxus baccata L. [European yew]

Maps of real and potential natural forest vegetation of the Slowinski National Park

Effects of urbanization on the plant cover of Warsaw

Small scale spatial pattern of a soil seed bank in old-growth decidous forest

The dynamics and structure of dead wood in natural spruce-beech forest stand - a 40 year case study in the Krkonose National Park

Collembolan guild structure as an indicator of tree plantation conditions in urban areas

Female characteristics and breeding success of the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis [Temm., 1815] in natural forest [Bialowieza Forest, East Poland]

Winter abundance of hole-nesting birds in natural and managed woods of Zealand [Denmark]

Long-term changes in stand composition of natural forest associations on the Roztocze Highlands (Eastern Poland)

Long-term changes in the abundance and mass of the main tree species in beechwood and fir forest communities of Roztoczanski National Park [East-Central Poland]

Mozliwosci produkcyjne drzewostanu lipowego w rezerwacie 'Las Lipowy Obrozyska'