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1

Mycotoxins - dairy cattle breeding problem. A case report

100%
Obremski K., Zielonka L., Gajecka M., Jakimiuk E., Gajecki M.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2009
|
tom 53
|
nr 2
221-224
The article aimed at drawing attention to the problem of mycotoxicoses, appearing in cattle and often undiagnosed because of lack of characteristic clinical signs. It described an outbreak of mycotoxicosis in one of the dairy-cattle herd in north-east Poland. In this case, DON, 3-Ac-DON, OTA, T-2 toxin, and ZEA were found in the feed and were considered as causative agents in a decrease in milk yield, occurrence of clinical symptoms of toxicosis, and death of some cows.
2

Level of zearalenone in blood serum and lesions in ovarian follicles of sexually immature gilts in the course of zearalenone micotoxicosis

84%
Zwierzchowski W., Przybylowicz M., Obremski K., Zielonka L., Skorska-Wyszynska E., Gajecka M., Polak M., Jakimiuk E., Jana B., Rybarczyk L., Gajecki M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2005
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tom 08
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nr 3
3

Metabolic profile of pigs fed feed containing zearalenone destructor

84%
Polak M., Gajecka M., Jakimiuk E., Obremski K., Gajecki M., Smoczynski L., Luczynski M., Gora M., Baranowski M., Zielonka L., Zwierzchowski W.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2004
|
tom 07
|
nr 3
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a member of macrocyclic lactons family. It is a toxin - phytosteride produced by fungi of Fusarium ssp. genus. Zearalenone contaminates food and animal feeding stuffs and its destruction is difficult. It requires application of particular compounds that would bind zearalenone in the feed or feeding stuff or in the gastrointestinal tract and decrease its bio-accessibility. It should also fulfil all the safety requirements regarding the plant supplements and animals that are fed with this feed. The aim of the study was to estimate if the feed supplemented with different doses of zearalenone and zearalenone destructor causes changes of the metabolic profile in gilts. The results obtained show that applied destructor did not cause negative haematological and biochemical changes in the blood of the gilts examined. It can be suggested that it is a safe feed supplement pigs in prevention of zearalenone micotoxicosis.
4

Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, and changes in proliferation activity of the uterus in bitches following zearalenon micotoxicosis

84%
Gajecka M., Janowski T., Jakimiuk E., Polak M., Podhalicz-Dziegielewska M., Rotkiewicz T., Otrocka-Domagala I., Obremski K., Zielonka L., Gajecki M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2007
|
tom 10
|
nr 3
The research was aimed at determining the impact of the experimental oral administration of zearalenon on the uterus in bitches. The study was carried out on 9 sexually mature 1 to 3 year-old bitches that were divided into three groups: two experimental ones and a control group. The experimental animals were orally administered zearalenon at 25 μg/ kg BW (body weight) (group DI; n=3) and 50 μg/kg BW (group DII; n=3) throughout 100 days while the control bitches (group K; n=3) were administered placebo. After the period of 100 days, ovariohysterectomy was performed, and the uterine samples were submitted to histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations in order to determine the structure of the wall and the presence of PCNA antigen. In the experimental animals, the histopathological examinations revealed regressive lesions, such as degeneration and atrophia within the endometrium and myometrium, and local circulatory disorders, i.e. edema and extravasation. These lesions were not reported in the controls. In the bitches administered zearalenon, the tissues did not express any proliferative activity as determined by the presence of PCNA. It is assumed that, following the administration of zearalenon for 100 days orally to bitches, disruption of the structures within the wall of the uterus (i.e. degeneration, atrophy, edema, and extravasation within the endometrium and myometrium) develops. This research proves that zearalenon ingested by bitches may lead to dysfunction of the uterus and cause disruption of its structures.
5

Histopathological examination of ovaries in bitches after experimental zearalenone mycotoxicosis

67%
Gajecka M., Obremski K., Jakimiuk E., Skorska-Wyszynska E., Zielonka L., Gajecki M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2008
|
tom 11
|
nr 4
363-366
The present study deals with the influence of experimental ZEA mycotoxicosis on histopathological lesions in ovaries of bitches, which were administered zearalenoneperos during anestrus phase for one hundred days. The experiment was performed on 9 sexually mature, clinically healthy bitches. The animals assigned into two experimental groups received zearalenone per os at two doses, 25 μg/kg b.w. and 50 μg/kg b.w., respectively: the bitches from control group received placebo per os. On the last day of zearalenone intoxication, the bitches were ovariohystorectomized. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed. The study revealed that zearalenone and its metabolites caused profound regressive lesions: granular cells degeneration and atrophy. Numerous edemas and blood extravasations were also found. The intensity of these changes was significantly dose dependent. Furthermore, in ovarian cells and tissues of both experimental groups, no reaction for PCNA antigen was observed. In conclusion, zearalenone and its metabolites exerts unfavorable effects on the morphology of ovaries in bitches.
6

Ultrastructural changes of ovarian follicle and corpus luteum after experimental zearalenone mycotoxicosis in bitch

67%
Gajecka M., Przybylska-Gornowicz B., Obremski K., Polak M., Jakimiuk E., Skorska-Wyszynska E., Zielonka L., Gajecki M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2008
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tom 11
|
nr 4
327-337
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of experimental zearalenone (ZEA) my- cotoxicosis on the ultrastructure of ovaries in bitches receving zearalenone for 100 days per os in the anestrus phase. Experiment has been conducted on 9 sexually mature clinically healthy bitches. The sexually mature animals aged 1-3 years were in anestrus. The dogs have been divided into three groups: EI and Ell, receiving ZEA per os in two dosages (25 μg/kg and 50 μg/kg b.w.) and control animals which received placebo per os. On the last day of experiment, ovariohysterectomy was performed in all the bitches and the uterine samples were submitted to ultrastructural analyses. The study has revealed that long lasting administration of higher dose of zearalenone causes ultrastructural changes in the granular layer of ovarian follicles, which showed due to their biological activity decrease. The changes in the granular layer, atrophy of intercellular connections and the appearance of intercellular spaces can stand for reduced activity of this layer. Changes in morphology of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus sugest ZEA influence on cell metabolism and secretory processes. It seems therefore that in bitches and other monogastric animals, intoxications induced by this mycotoxin causes ultrastructural changes in granular cells of ovarian follicles.
7

Influence of low doses of deoxynivalenol on histopathology of selected organs of pigs

67%
Zielonka L., Wisniewska M., Gajecka M., Obremski K., Gajecki M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2009
|
tom 12
|
nr 1
Deoxynivalenol is one of mycotoxins that are most frequently determined in animal feed manufactured in Poland. The examination of histopathological lesions concomitant with deoxynivalenol intoxication is difficult because of the common, often synergistic, reaction of this mycotoxin with other toxins, such as zearalenone or ochratoxin A, which has a strong nephrotoxic activity. The possibility of estimating histopathological lesions in the course of intoxication with pure toxin at various doses is therefore of interest. Dosages used in this experiment relate to clinical cases observed in feeding the animals with whole ration feed obtained by processing feedingstuffs contaminated with Fusarium moulds. However, concerning the fact of one-shot administration of clinically pure toxin, the main question was if it was a sufficient dose to cause changes in the histopathological picture of gastrointestinal tract organs. The experiment was carried out on 12 nursery pigs of mixed breed (Polish White Large x Polish White Ear-pendent) with an average body weigh of 35 kg. The experimental nursery pigs were divided into 3 groups: group I (n=4) – control; group II (n=4) – DON administered at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg b.w.; group III (n=4) – DON administered at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg b.w. After slaughter of the animals, macroscopic examination was performed and segments of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes were sampled and assigned for histopathological examination. The results obtained equate to the clinically observed signs in swine production involving some nutrient metabolism disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract in the course of deoxynivalenol mycotoxicosis. Histopathological examination of segments of the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum, the liver and the lymph nodes indicate that the regressive lesions are more expressed in the experimental group treated with the highest concentration of deoxynivalenol.
8

Serum amyloid A concentrations and lysozyme bacteriolytic activity in the serum of sheep with natural zearalenosis

67%
Kostro K., Bednarek D., Aleksiewicz R., Jarosz L., Lisiecka U., Zmuda A., Wojtaszczyk P.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2010
|
tom 54
|
nr 3
The aim of the study was to assess bacteriolytic activity of lysozyme and serum amyloid A (SAA) level in sheep affected with zearalenone mycotoxicosis. Bacteriolytic activity of lysozyme, and serum amyloid A (SAA) level are both the elements of innate humoral immunity. Lysozyme bacteriolytic activity in serum was determined by diffusion-plate method with reference to Micrococcus luteus. SAA concentration was determined by the use of commercial ELISA kit (Phase Serum Amyloid A Assai TP802). The highest lysozyme bacteriolytic activity was observed in sheep with total rectal and intestinal mucosal membrane prolapse. Lysozyme concentration values in animals with partial rectal prolapse were significantly lower. In the control group, lysozyme concentration was low and within the range considered as physiologically normal. The highest levels of SAA, which ranged from 38.5 to 172 µg/mL, were detected in sheep in which the highest lysozyme bacteriolytic activity was noted. From the data obtained, it is undoubtful that changes in SAA level in affected sheep and control sheep are reliable indicators of zearalenone mycotoxicosis progress and termination. The highest levels of SAA were noted in animals, which had the total rectal and intestinal prolapse in course of zearalenone mycotoxicosis, and after returning the rectum to the normal position, mucosal membrane necrosis occurred, which resulted in perforation and peritoneum inflammation. The observed differences in SAA level forming range in particular animals from infected group are conditioned by the character of inflammation process and intensity in organs altered by the disease, which are principal factors inducing changes in its concentration. The level of this protein in serum reflects activation state of immunological system and could be one of the criterions in sheep health assessment.
9

Factors determining sensitivity of prepubertal gilts to hormonal influence of zearalenone

67%
Jakimiuk E., Gajecka M., Jana B., Brzuzan P., Zielonka L., Skorska-Wyszynska E., Gajecki M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2009
|
tom 12
|
nr 1
Among large husbandry animals, swine are the most predisposed to zearalenone (ZEA) intoxication, mainly because cereal is an important component of their diet. Studies performed so far (in vivo, in vitro) suggest that ZEA and its metabolites, which may appear due to ZEA biotransformation (especially α-zearalenole; α-ZOL), can modify signaling cascades of endogenous sex steroids, through either receptor or non-receptor mechanisms. Of all age groups of swine, immature gilts are particularly predisposed to zearalenone intoxication, as manifested by the occurrence of genital tract tissue dysfunction on exposure to ZEA. The intensity of the adverse effects observed at either systemic or local level in gilts, when compared to sexually mature swine females, suggest that specific age-dependent physiological conditions may exist, which determine the high sensitivity of gilts to exogenous estrogen-like compounds, including ZEA.
10

Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses under climatic conditions of Poland

67%
Golinski P., Waskiewicz A., Gromadzka K.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2009
|
tom 12
|
nr 4
Ochratoxin A (OA), zearalenone (ZON), moniliformin (MON) as well as trichotecenes and fumonisines (FUM) are naturally occurring contaminants of cereals and animal feed. They pose a health risk not only to humans but also to livestock and, as a consequence, may cause economical losses either due to unfavorable effects on domestic animals themselves or to an increased potential for health effects in human beings consuming mycotoxin-contaminated edible animal products. At present, large-scale studies are carried out in EU countries to determine a safe, admissible concentration of these toxins in cereals and their processed products. The aim of this review is to collect and summarize information concerning the properties, occurrence and toxicity of these mycotoxins.
11

Maskowane mikotoksyny

67%
Gajecka M., Tarasiuk M., Zielonka L., Gajecki M.
Lecznica Dużych Zwierząt. Ogólnopolski Kwartalnik dla Lekarzy Weterynarii
|
2015
|
tom 10
|
nr 3
12

The influence of mycotoxins exposure on human and animal health

51%
Sztanke K., Pasternak K., Kulik T.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2004
|
tom 13
|
nr Suppl.2, Part 1
Mycotoxins are the secondary fungal metabolites, which cause toxic effects on human and animal organisms. They are frequent food contaminants. The most common route of exposure to mycotoxins is ingestion, but it may also involve dermal, respiratory and parenteral routes. These metabolites are produced by various fungal and mould strains like Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. The most prominent mycotoxins are aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, ochratoxins, fumonisins, patulin, citrinin, alternariol and its monomethyl ether, gliotoxin and beauvericin. There are several diseases, which are mycotoxin-related. Mycotoxins cause acute and chronic intoxications (mycotoxicoses), allergies and tumours. They may demonstrate genotoxic, mutagenic, cytotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties. Some of them cause strong estrogenic effects and infertility. The others are immunosuppressive, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic. Taking into account wide range of mycotoxins toxic effects on living organisms, it is established that these compounds are the one of main factors influencing human and animal health.
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