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Demand for Ganoderma lucidum basidiocarps on the global market is increased due to its numerous health benefits. As they are rare in nature and traditional cultivation on logs is not ecologically and economically justified method, current trend is finding of good alternative substrate for production. Whether wheat straw, the most abundant crop residue in Europe, could be a novel substrate for G. lucidum cultivation was the question which led to the definition of the goals. Two wild and one commercial strains were objects of the study. Despite some morphological differences among basidiocarps, all strains belong to G. lucidum sensu stricto, which was confirmed by analyses of ITS, tef1-a and rpb2 gene sequences. Wheat straw showed as a good substrate, namely the periods required for the complete colonisation of wheat straw by mycelium as well as the formation of primordia and basidiocarps were relatively short. The totally fresh and dry yield and biological efficiency were also significant. If it is taken into consideration that untreated wheat straw was used, validities of its introduction in industrial-scale G. lucidum cultivation can be demonstrated.
An oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm) is a cultivated species of mushrooms characterizing with unique culinary and medicinal properties. Its’ nutritional value comes from proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins and mineral nutrients present in their fruitbodies. Because of a high content of fiber (mainly chitin) and low content of fat, they are a valuable element of an atherosclerosis diet. The fruitbodies of oyster mushrooms are an important source of biologically active substances, specific polysaccharides and polyphenols, which influence a human immune system, so that it fights against cancer cells. ß-D-glucans have an advantageous effect on digestive system, lower blood cholesterol and triglycerides level, decrease the risk of ischaemic heart disease. Active substances present in the mushrooms have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous scientific studies prove high efficiency of the therapy with the use of preparations and extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia, both in prophylaxis and cure of civilization diseases, atherosclerosis and cancer.
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Wplyw uprawy pieczarki na sklad chemiczny podloza

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The influence of Agaricus bisporus cultivation on changes of chemical composition of beds in presented. The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus caused a decrease of the content of macroelements in the analyzed post-mushroom beds as compared to the content of those element in beds before cultivation. The content of microelements and other trace elements as well as heavy metals in most cases increased in the postmushroom beds. It was caused by the fact that peat used as a cover contained a lot of analyzed elements. The changes observed in the harvested mushrooms included: in the group of macroelements - the highest content of carbon and nitrogen and the lowest of magnesium and calcium; in the group of microelements - the highest content of aluminum, lithium and iron and the lowest of cobalt and molybdenum while in the group of heavy metals - the highest content of zinc and copper (to be ranked mikroelements) and the lowest of chromium.
Acta Agrobotanica
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2005
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tom 58
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nr 2
189-195
The research was conducted in a mushroom growing facility located near Rzeszów, consisting of three production cycles. The number and composition of microorganisms which accompany the mushroom cultivation depended on the healthiness of: the compost, casing and spawn of Agaricus bisporus. The presence of pathogenic fungi in the cultivation halls at the beginning of the production cycle is a serious threat to the cultivation of common mushroom because the irrapid development shortens the span of fruiting body harvests.
This study aimed determining the contents of soluble protein, free amino acid, phenolic, flavonoid, soluble carbohydrate, sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and elements in selected wild growing and cultivated mushroom species collected from various locations of Turkey. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for the contents of total free amino acid, soluble protein, phenolic, flavonoid, soluble carbohydrate and sugars. The total free amino acid, soluble protein, phenolic, flavonoid and soluble carbohydrate contents of mushrooms ranged from 33.57–126.57 mg g–1, 2.77–7.55 mg g–1, 28.68–157.39 mg g–1, 8.55– 30.66 mg g–1 and 59.89–343.55 mg g–1, respectively. Elemental analysis showed that mushrooms contained significant amounts of potassium (1345.07–9310.17 mg kg–1), phosphorus (1462.44–6159.45 mg kg–1), calcium (18.78–349.15 mg kg–1), sulphur (952.41–12486.63 mg kg–1), iron (80.62–606.26 mg kg–1), manganese (22.65–147.57 mg kg–1), zinc (103.26–522.81 mg kg–1) and selenium (0–115.40 mg kg–1). Nutritient composition varied with mushroom species. The means of total soluble protein, total phenolic, total flavonoid, potassium, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, sodium, iron, calcium, manganese, selenium, zinc and copper contents in wild growing mushrooms were found higher than cultivated mushrooms.
Chlorynka P, nowy polski preparat chlorowy zawierający podchloryn sodowy w rodzaju S - surowca o najwyższym stopniu czystości został zarejestrowany do profilaktyki i zwalczania plamistości bakteryjnej pieczarek oraz do przeprowadzania ogólnej dezynfekcji w pieczarkarniach. Preparat ten może także skutecznie zastąpić stosowaną ciągle jeszcze powszechnie formalinę do dezynfekcji w szklarniach i często również w pomieszczeniach pomocniczych oraz magazynach (przechowalniach).
Agrocybe aegerita is a delicious mushroom which was known in Ancient Greece and Rome. The species under natural conditions is met in Mediterranean countries as well as in the Middle and North Europe. The Agrocybe is cultivated mostly on wood or sawdust. Woods of poplar and willow are the best for cultivation of this mushroom, but logs of elm, ash-tree and elder can be useful substrate as well. The study determined the suitability of some substrates to A. aegerita cultivation. Beech, alder, oak, maple and birch sawdust and sawdust of apple-tree, pear- tree and cherry-tree were used in the experiment. Moreover substrates of rape, wheat, rye and barley straw were tested, too. The experiments showed that the yielding of A. aegerita differed significantly in relation to the kind of substrate. Beech sawdust proved to be the most suitable substrate for cultivation of this species.
The higher fungi are a rich source of chemical compounds with multi-directional therapeutic and pro-health effects. This review summarizes the results of the most important chemical and biological studies of the fruiting bodies and the mycelial cultures of Laetiporus sulphureus. Numerous studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial, anticancer, cytotoxic, hypoglycemic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the extracts. Currently, only a few wood-decay fungi have practical use in medicine. Therefore it seems important to continue research on the effectiveness and safety of extracts and compounds of natural origin, including fungi, whose potential is not still used.
The study determined the effect of kind of substrate on mycelium growth, length of mycelium maturation period and yield of Lentinula edodes. Birch, beech and maple sawdust as well as rye, wheat, rape-seed and barley straws were used as substrates. The subjects of the experiment were three Lentinula edodes strains: CS-53, CS-333 and Hokken 600. Laboratory tests were conducted at the Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural University of Poznań. Cultivation experiments were carried out on the farm specializing in manufacturing the mycelium of cultivated mushrooms in Łobez, near Jarocin. It was stated that the most suitable substrate for shiitake cultivation was the beech sawdust, on which the highest yield was obtained. The highest mean yield of carpophores gave the Hokken 600 strain, irrespective of the substrate applied.
Badano wpływ długości czasu oświetlenia oraz natężenia światła na wielkość plonu oraz kształt i masę owocników wybranych odmian boczniaka. Podjęto również próbę ustalenia czy można stosować zamiennie światło o wysokim natężeniu, przy krótkim czasie oświetlenia i światło o mniejszym natężeniu przez dłuższy okres czasu. Jednostki uprawowe boczniaka po okresie inkubacji przeniesiono do pomieszczenia uprawowego, gdzie na okres plonowania poddano je działaniu zróżnicowanych warunków świetlnych. Oznaczono plon ogólny oraz dokonano pomiarów biometrycznych pobranej losowo próby owocników. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że warunki świetlne istotnie wpływają na wielkość plonu i morfologię owocników boczniaka. Najmniejszy plon ogólny uzyskano przy 8-godzinnym czasie oświetlania niezależnie od zastosowanego natężenia światła. Spośród wszystkich badanych odmian najlepiej plonowały odmiany K12 i FS 3029. Największą masę oraz średnicę kapelusza pojedynczych owocników w przypadku wszystkich odmian uzyskano przy 12- i 16-godzinnym czasie oświetlenia i natężeniu światła od 300 do 700 lx.
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