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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Selected properties of alternative fuel manufactured from municipal solid waste

100%
Malinowski M.
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
|
2013
|
nr 2/IV
Successive closing down of filled-up large municipal landfill sites or those which no longer fulfil the legal regulations, compel local governments and enterprises dealing with waste disposal, to undertake activities aimed at designing and construction of new waste management plants. One of these is a municipal solid waste sorting plant where the waste stream is divided into sub-screen and screen fraction. The screen fraction after removing ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass and other impurities and crushing to an appropriate particle size constitutes an alternative fuel. The most frequently alternative fuel is manufactured from selectively collected plastics, rubber, textiles and waste paper. Alternative fuel is also manufactured from municipal solid waste in mechanical waste treatment plants. Municipal solid waste is characterized by a non-uniform morphological composition (depending on many factors), which may result in variable parameters of the manufactured fuel. If the waste fuel manufactured in this way and supplied to cement plants does not reach certain quality standards, its price is low, or the product is not accepted for energy recovery. The work presents results of analyses of selected properties of alternative fuels generated from solid municipal waste stream with regard to the type of communes from which the waste originated (urban commune area or rural communes). Statistical analysis was conducted using Bayesian Networks. As it results from the investigations, alternative fuel manufactured from municipal solid waste is characterized by high values of variation coefficient for such parameters as: ash content, moisture and calorific value. The content of carbon, sulphur and incineration heat revealed low values of variance coefficient. The analyses have demonstrated that technological values of alternative fuel do not depend on the administrative type of the communes where the waste used for their production was collected.
2
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Assessment of the use of EWA bioreactor in the process of biodrying of undersize fraction manufactured from mixed municipal solid waste

75%
Hurka M., Malinowski M.
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
|
2014
|
nr IV/1
The article presents the results of a research on the processing of undersize fraction, extracted from a stream of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW), into alternative fuel, in the process of bio-drying. The analysis was conducted with the use of an innovative EWA (Ecological Waste Apparatus) bioreactor adapted to carrying out aerobic treatment of waste in such processes as: composting, aerobic digestion/stabilization and bio-drying of waste. EWA bioreactors have been designed and manufactured by AGRO-EKO spol. s r.o. from the Czech Republic. The subject matter of the analysis was undersize fraction, with particle dimensions ranging from 0 to 50 mm, manufactured in the process of sorting (mechanical processing) of MSW. The main aim of the research was to assess suitability of the use of EWA bioreactor in the process of alternative fuel production from undersize fraction developed from municipal waste (in the process of accelerated bio-drying). Samples were collected between 2011 and 2012. The undersize fraction and the produced alternative fuel were analysed by AGRO-EKO spol. s r.o. and at the University of Agriculture in Krakow, in accordance with the standards for wastes and solid fuels. It has been concluded that undersize fraction produced from mixed municipal waste might be the energy source for cement plants or commercial power plants. As a result of a 66-hour accelerated process of bio-drying of undersize fraction (the standard time being ca. 7 days), the waste-mass has been lowered by reducing water content (moisture) in undersize fraction by ca. 15 % while increasing its calorific value and the C:N ratio. The process resulted in the increase of non-combustible and non-biodegradable elements. The high C:N ratio and the amount of organic substances at the level of 78 % should enable further aerobic and anaerobic stabilization preceded by substance moisturizing.
3

Effects of application of compost produced from organic wastes on some soil properties and chemical composition of leachates

75%
Klasa A., Nogalska A.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development
|
2013
|
tom 16
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nr 2
4

Hydraulic conductivity of model landfill liner

75%
Garbulewski K.
Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Land Reclamation
|
2004
|
tom 35a
5
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Assessment of segregated waste accumulation efficiency in selected suburban communities

75%
Malinowski M., Kopytko A. M.
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
|
2014
|
nr IV/3
Among solid wastes one may distinguish mixed wastes, segregated wastes (collected selectively) and biodegradable wastes originating from open-air markets, green areas or cemeteries. Mixed wastes have constituted the largest proportion in the stream of municipal solid waste (MSW), both before and after the changes in waste management system in Poland introduced on 1 July 2013. The other group, regarding the collected wastes volume, is so-called segregation. It has been forecasted that in the nearest future the amount of segregated wastes will be successively growing. The article presents the analysis of selectively collected wastes (paper, plastics, glass and metal) indicators from lower administrative units of Liszki and Mogilany communities. The degree of segregated wastes accumulation efficiency was assessed on the basis of conducted computation. The communities selected for the analysis are suburban municipalities, situated in the area of Krakow agglomeration in the immediate vicinity of the main city of the Malopolskie voivodeship. The main aim of the work was an assessment of selective accumulation of municipal solid wastes in suburban communities. Values of quantitative indices, characterizing mixed and segregated municipal solid waste generated by the inhabitants of individual lower administrative units of the studied communities were subjected to a detailed analysis. The data assumed for the investigations cover the period from July 2012 to June 2013. As results from conducted analyses actual indices of wastes accumulation differ from the indices determined on the basis of statistical data and the data stated in the Waste Management Plans, which may evidence a high ecological awareness of the analysed areas inhabitants. The efficiency of selective waste accumulation in the analysed communities was on a similar level and exceeded 20%, i.e. was twice higher than the average for Poland.
6
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Effect of municipal solid waste on bacteria population in soil

75%
Okpoitari S. P., Binaebi A.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2013
|
tom 01
The effect of municipal solid waste on bacteria (Heterotrophic bacteria & Nitrobacteria) population was determine by collecting 50g sample’s of various dumpsites, put in 2 kg buckets soil and kept in the green house to mimic the natural environment for six (6) weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (L.S.D) were effected on the data at 5 % probability level. The analysis shows significant effect, this seem to suggest that municipal solid waste influences Heterotrophic bacteria and Nitrobacter population in soils.
7

Physico-chemical and toxicological characteristics of leachates from MSW landfills

75%
Slomczynska B., Slomczynski T.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2004
|
tom 13
|
nr 6
This article contains a review of literature on the quantity and physico – chemical characteristics of leachates from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The state of knowledge on estimation of hazard landfills through toxicity testing of leachates by use of aquatic organisms is also presented. There is little information in Poland regarding the harmful effects of leachate waters on aquatic biocenoses.
8
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Effect of municipal solid waste on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.)

63%
Simeon P. O., Ambah B.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2013
|
tom 02
A pot experiment was conducted in the green house to determine the effect of municipal solid waste on the growth of maize (zea mays). Growth parameters of percentage emergence, plant height, leaf area and number of levers per plant were collect and subjected into statistical analysis, using ANOVA and fisher’s L.S.D. at 5 % probability level. Plant growth parameters decreased with increase in cropping cycle. Similarly, maize grown on dumpsite soils did better than the control soil samples. It show increase in plant height, leaf area and number of leaves per plant at a range of 16.82 cm to 12.87 cm, 5 to 4 and 64.69 cm to 59.88 cm for the dumpsite and control samples respectively. Soil PH, organic matter (OM), total Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na) and Effective Cat-ion Exchange Capacity (ECEC) decreased with increase in cropping cycle respectively. The Dumpsite soil sample recorded higher mean values than the control (P < 0.05). There is every indication that municipal solid waste is beneficial to plant if only proper and careful sorting and separation of hazardous waste is done.
9
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Effect of compost on the accumulation of heavy metals in fruit of oilseed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. styriaca)

63%
Danilcenko H., Gajewski M., Jariene E., Paulauskas V., Mazeika R.
Journal of Elementology
|
2016
|
tom 21
|
nr 1
While it is true that heavy metals accumulate in soil easily, their removal is difficult. The organic fraction of municipal solid waste can be recycled into compost, although frequent application of biowaste may lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. There is no deep-rooted tradition in Lithuania to make and use various biowaste composts, including the ones produced from municipal waste. The objective of this study has been to compare the accumulation of heavy metals in different parts of oilseed pumpkin fruit depending on the chemical composition of the compost the pumpkin plants had been supplied. The content of heavy metals (HM) was determined in the soil before the plant-growing experiment, and in biowaste composts of different origin. Green waste (GW) and municipal solid waste (MSW) composts were applied to soil as fertiliser. Heavy metal concentrations in the skin, flesh and seeds of the analysed pumpkin fruits did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations established by the EU norms. Seeds of the investigated pumpkin cultivar Olivia are more sensitive to the effect of heavy metal accumulation than the other morphological fruit parts (skin and flesh). The highest amounts of the investigated heavy metals, except Cr, were determined in the seeds, while the lowest ones, except Cu, in the flesh of oilseed pumpkin fruits. The amount of heavy metals in pumpkin biomass was not directly related to their concentrations in the soil, which proves the fact that the transfer of heavy metals from soil to plant is determined primarily by metal bioavailability and by a plant species.
10
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Content of zinc in plants fertilized with municipal solid waste and urban green waste composts

63%
Sadej W., Namiotko A.
Journal of Elementology
|
2010
|
tom 15
|
nr 4
679-692
In a vegetation experiment, the effect of composts made from unsorted municipal solid waste and urban green waste on the content of zinc in plants has been analyzed. The municipal waste composts matured in heaps for 1, 3 and 6 months. They were applied in three rates: 10, 20 and 30 g kg–1 of soil. The compost made of urban green waste aged in a pile for 6 months and was added to soil in the amount of 10 g kg–1 of soil. It has been determined that the content of zinc in plants was varied and depended on the type and rates of compost used as well as the species of crops. Application of higher rates of composts did not invariably result in an increased concentration of zinc in plant tissues; on the contrary, in some cases the level of zinc determined in fertilized plants was lower than in the control. Much more elevated concentrations of zinc were found after the application of fresh compost made of municipal waste (maturing for one month in a heap). Fertilization of maize and barley with urban green waste compost produced a more favourable result than the application of analogous rates of municpal solid waste compost, as the plants contained less zinc. With respect to the other test plants, such as sunflower, mustard and phacelia, the application of composted green matter caused a considerable increase in the content of zinc, as compared with the treatments fertilized with composted municipal waste, at the same fertilization rates.
11

Energy and environmental indicators of municipal solid waste incineration: toward selection of an optimal waste management system

63%
Rimaityte I., Denafas G., Martuzevicius D., Kavaliauskas A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2010
|
tom 19
|
nr 5
This work evaluates municipal solid waste (MSW) management options with respect to energy and environmental indicators. Two alternative scenarios have been analyzed: incineration of waste after mechanical biological treatment (MBT) and mass burning. The city of Kaunas, Lithuania, served as an object of the research. The calculations revealed that in the case of incineration of MBT-processed waste, only 2.4-2.8% of municipal heat energy requirements may be satisfied, while mass burning may provide up to 20% of integrated municipal heat energy requirements. The incineration of MBT-processed waste would result in 36% higher exhaust gas volume, 39% higher HCl emissions and 57% higher SO2 emissions per ton of waste, compared to mass-burned waste. The presented approach may be applied to countries experiencing transitions of MSW management systems.
12

Removal of landfill leachate toxicity by adsorption on white rot fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus)

63%
Adamcova D., Radziemska M., Zloch J., Vaverkova M. D.
Polish Journal of Natural Sciences
|
2017
|
tom 32
|
nr 4
Municipal solid waste landfills are considered to be important sources of groundwater contamination due to the leakage of leachate. Landfill leachate is undoubtedly one of the most challenging wastewaters in terms of treatment. Fungi can be used to treat a landfill leachate. Therefore, the aims of this research were to evaluate the biosorption potential of Pleurotus ostreatus as low-cost adsorbent for the toxicity removal from raw landfill leachate. The objective was also to study the change of leachate toxicity before and after biosorption tests using Sinapis alba L. growth inhibition test. It can be concluded that the growth inhibition (%) of Sinapis alba L. for landfill leachate samples after biosorption tests were in the range of 31.55–96.16%. These samples were strongly toxic, but the toxicity compared to samples before biosorption tests decreased for all samples.
13

Chemical forms of iron in the composts obtained from municipal solid waste contaminated with pulverized metallic Fe, Fe2O3 or FeS

63%
Ciba J., Zolotajkin M.
Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska
|
2001
|
tom 27
|
nr 1
14

Changes in copper forms while composting municipal solid waste

63%
Ciba J., Zolotajkin M.
Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska
|
1999
|
tom 25
|
nr 2
15
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The role and place of solid waste transfer station in the waste management system

51%
Zemanek J., Wozniak A., Malinowski M.
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
|
2011
|
nr 11
The municipal waste is a waste type that includes predominantly household waste (domestic waste) with sometimes the addition of commercial wastes collected by a municipality within a given area. EU waste management principles were defined in the Waste Framework Directive 75/442/EEC. A transfer station is a building or processing site for the temporary deposition of waste. Transfer stations are often used as places where local waste collection vehicles will deposit their waste cargo prior to loading it into larger vehicles. The primary reason for using transfer station is to reduce the cost of transporting waste to disposal facilities. There are many countries in Europe using this solution in waste management system, for example: Germany, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland. Waste transfer stations play there an important role in a community's total waste management system, serving as the link between a community's solid waste collection program and a final waste disposal facility. In Poland only several waste transfer stations exist, but none of them fulfils the role like this station located in EU or United States of America. This article includes characteristics and role of solid waste transfer stations (located mainly at rural area) in waste management systems.
16

Losses of organic matter and nitrogen during composting of municipal solid wastes

51%
Drozd J., Licznar M., Licznar S. E., Walenczak K.
Polish Journal of Soil Science
|
2008
|
tom 41
|
nr 2
127-138
The authors analysed the level of losses of organic matter and nitrogen during five months of composting of municipal solid wastes (MSW) with the addition of nitrogen in the form of urea. The object of the research was raw compost from MSW, pre-treated using MUT–DANO technology. The compost, with 0.5 kg H₂O kg⁻¹ of dry mass moisture content, was composted for a period of 5 months as follows: A – on a pile, B – in a perforated plastic container of total capacity of approximately 1000 l, C – in a plastic container of total capacity of approximately 1000 l with the addition of 2.5 g N kg⁻¹ of dry mass, D – in a plastic container of total capacity of approximately 1000 l with the addition of 5.0 g N kg⁻¹ of dry mass. The results show that losses of organic matter ranged from 64 to 66% and losses of its water-soluble forms from 93 to 95%. Addition of urea to the compost contributed to high losses of total nitrogen (40-45%), especially of its water-soluble forms (96-98%), and decreased compost fertility. Composting of MSW on the pile, with a C/N ratio of approximately 30, limited the loss of nitrogen and enriched the compost in nitrogen and its water-soluble forms.
17
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Zero waste: an innovation for less polluting emission processes, resource management practices and policies

51%
Ekanem C. H., Ekanem H. E., Eyenaka F. D., Isaiah E. A.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2013
|
tom 05
The rising levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth‟s atmosphere have the potential to cause changes in our climate. Some of these emission increases can be traced directly to solid waste. Landfills are among the largest emitters of carbon dioxide and methane, the key GHGs. Thus, effective mitigation of these emissions through formalization of waste reduction into the waste management system to reduce land filling could provide environmental benefits of reducing the adverse impacts of climate change. This paper therefore proposes waste prevention and recycling-jointly referred to as waste reduction as better and most potent strategies for the management of solid waste and for reducing greenhouse gases and calls on both the government and private agencies to check or control the increasing pollution or abuse of the environment by enforcing compliance with the laid out Policies, Pronouncements, Regulations and enacted Legislation especially in the developing countries. The study concludes that by choosing to prevent waste and recycle, less waste will be generated, the need for landfill will be minimal, energy demand will decrease, fewer fossil fuels will be burned and less methane and carbon dioxide will be emitted to the atmosphere which helps to curb climate change.
18
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Assessment of landfill protection systems in Japan - a case study

51%
Jakimiuk A., Matsui Y., Podlasek A., Vaverkova M. D.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura
|
2022
|
tom 21
|
nr 4
19

Solids waste gas recovery under different water conditions

51%
Filipkowska U., Agopsowicz M. H.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2004
|
tom 13
|
nr 6
This papers deals with the determination of the influence of water and landfill leachate dosage on the quality and quantity of municipal waste biogas. Wastes used in the experiment were collected from a municipal landfill located in Łęgajny near Olsztyn. Gas production (total gas volume, production rates and methane concentration) was monitored for 311 days. The quality and quantity of biogas were determined as for waste deposition without irrigation and with irrigation with the addition of water and leachate (the amount was typical for the average atmospheric precipitation and double amount of atmospheric precipitation). Moreover, the researches were carried out for totally flooded wastes. It was shown that there is an influence of water conditions on the biogas production. The lowest biogas production was observed for waste deposition without water and leachate irrigation (dry wastes) and for totally flooded wastes. Obtained biogas characterized the lowest amount of methane. The highest effectiveness of biogas production and its best composition was achieved for wastes irrigated by leachate in the amount corresponded to atmospheric precipitation. Biogas contained about 50% of methane. Research showed that there is the possibility of biochemical processes controlling in waste heap (e.g. in energy piles); however, there is then the necessity of optimization of the dosage and kind of recirculated medium.
20

The composting process effect on the chemical changes of mercury[II] sulphide in the municipal solid waste

51%
Ciba J., Kluczka J., Zolotajkin M.
Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska
|
1999
|
tom 25
|
nr 1
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