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Gastric secretion - from Pavlov's NERVISM to Popielski's histamine as direct secretagogue of oxyntic glands

100%

Konturek S. J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2003

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tom 54

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nr 3

43-68

Gastric acid and pepsin secretions result from the interplay of neurohormonal factors with stimulatory and inhibitory actions on oxyntic glands. At the turn of XIX century, the notion of nervism or entire neural control of digestive functions, developed by Pavlov prevailed. However, in the second part of XX century, hormonal control has been thought to play a major role in the mechanism of gastric secretion, especially gastrin, which was isolated and synthesized in 1964 by Gregory. Polish traces in gastroenterological history started with the discovery of histamine, a non-nervous and non-gastrin compound in oxyntic mucosa by L. Popielski in 1916, who found that this amine is the most potent and direct stimulant of gastric acid secretion. This histamine concept was supported by leading American gastroenterologists such as A.C. Ivy, championed later by C.F. Code, and clinically applied for testing gastric secretion by K. Kowalewski. Recently, it received a strong support from pharmacological research when J. Black designed H2-receptors antagonists, which were first discovered by M.I. Grossman and S.J. Konturek to inhibit not only histamine-, but also meal- and vagally-induced gastric acid secretion, thus reinforcing the notion of the crucial significance of histamine in the control of gastric secretion as the final common chemostimulator. In conclusion, Polish traces appear to be substantial in gastric history due: 1) to discovery by Popielski that histamine is a major, direct stimulus of gastric secretion; 2) to clinical application of this agent by Kowalewski in testing maximal gastric secretory activity; and 3) to clinical use of histamine H2-antagonists in control of gastric acid secretion and treatment of peptic ulcers.

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Intestinal barrier impairment and immune activation in HIV-infected advanced late presenters are not dependent on CD4 recovery

100%

Wojcik-Cichy K., Piekarska A., Jablonowska E.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 4

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Duodenal mucosal protection by bicarbonate secretion and its mechanisms

80%

Konturek S. J., Konturek P. C., Pawlik T., Sliwowski Z., Ochmanski W., Hahn E. G.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2004

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tom 55

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nr 2

5-17

Proximal portion of duodenum is exposed to intermittent pulses of gastric H+ discharged by the stomach. This review summarizes the mechanisms of duodenal mucosal integrity, mainly the role of mucus-alkaline secretion and the mucous barrier protecting surface epithelium against gastric H+. The mucous barrier protects the leaky duodenal epithelium against each pulse of gastric H+, which penetrates this barrier and diffuses into duodenocytes, but fails to damage them due to; a) an enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), with release of protective prostaglandins (PG) and of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) with, however, production of NO, stimulating duodenal HCO3- secretion and b) the release of several neurotransmitters also stimulating HCO3- secretion such as vasoactive intestimal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), acetylcholine, melatonin, leptin and ghrelin released by enteric nerves and mucosal cells. At the apical duodenocyte membrane at least two HCO3-/Cl- anion exchangers operate in response to luminal H+ to provide adequate extrusion of HCO3- into duodenal lumen. In the basolateral portion of duodenocyte membrane, both non-electrogenic (NBC) and electrogenic (NBCn) Na+-HCO3- cotransporters are activated by the exposure to duodenal acidification, causing inward movement of HCO3- from extracellular fluid to duodenocytes. There are also at least three Na+/H+ (NHE1-3) amiloride-sensitive exchangers, eliminating H+ which diffused into these cells. The Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and gastric metaplasia in the duodenum with bacterium inoculating metaplastic mucosa and inhibiting HCO3- secretion by its endogenous inhibitor, asymetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), may result in duodenal ulcerogenesis.

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Comparison of the effects of some alcohols on the gastric electrical potentials

61%

Dziadus-Sokolowska A., Bilski R., Szlachcic A., Mroczka J., Michalski J.

Current Topics in Biophysics

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1993

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tom 17

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nr 1-2

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

1 Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

1 Current Topics in Biophysics

2 Konturek S. J.

1 Bilski R.

1 Dziadus-Sokolowska A.

1 Hahn E. G.

1 Jablonowska E.

1 Konturek P. C.

1 Michalski J.

1 Mroczka J.

1 Ochmanski W.

1 Pawlik T.

1 Piekarska A.

1 Sliwowski Z.

1 Szlachcic A.

1 Wojcik-Cichy K.

1 2018

1 2004

1 2003

1 1993

Gastric secretion - from Pavlov's NERVISM to Popielski's histamine as direct secretagogue of oxyntic glands

Intestinal barrier impairment and immune activation in HIV-infected advanced late presenters are not dependent on CD4 recovery

Duodenal mucosal protection by bicarbonate secretion and its mechanisms

Comparison of the effects of some alcohols on the gastric electrical potentials