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1
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The differences in results of preliminary selection in team sports as the premise to define a profile of a "young football player"

100%
Stihec J., Sroka R.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2013
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tom 04
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nr 4
The aim of the work was to define the differences between boys selected for football training and their peers at the beginning stage of different team sports training, as well as those that do not practice any sports discipline. The research material consisted of 97 schoolboys at the age of 10 selected to practice team sports, including football, and 39 non-training boys. All boys attended Szczecin primary schools. Apart from the basic anthropometric characteristics, the following motor skills were analyzed: kinesthetic differentiation, reaction speed, movement frequency, spatial orientation, static balance, maximal lactic anaerobic power, maximal nonlactic anaerobic power, fast muscle activation, aerobic endurance and absolute muscle strength. Not all test results are expressed in SI units. Data obtained through the applied method served as the grounds for defining a profile of a “young football player” as the premise to improve the process of preliminary selection for football. Candidates selected for soccer training presented higher level of kinesthetic differentiation than all other examined boys. They also presented higher level of movement frequency than volleyball players and higher level of space orientation than the not-trained boys. Soccer players nevertheless presented lover level of time of reaction than the candidates selected for basketball training. Results of all condition abilities tests obtained by soccer players were statistically significant better than the one obtained by the untrained boys (p ≤ 0.001) and the candidates for volleyball training (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.001). The greatest differences were noticed in tests of aerobic endurance and maximal non-lactic and lactic anaerobic power.
2

Perceived control variables and leisure-time physical activity of adults

100%
Sas-Nowosielski K., Grabara M., Hadzik A.
Trends in Sport Sciences
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2013
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tom 20
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nr 4
Aim of Study. To determine whether and to what extent selfefficacy, perceived fitness competence and perceived behavioral control are related to leisure time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in adults. Material and Methods. The study involved 532 adults (including 379 women) aged 18 to 26 years. Physical activity (PA) was measured by means of a short self-report questionnaire, being a modified version of the very popular Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTQ). Each level of PA was described in a manner which enabled defining it by the participants with examples of activities representative for a given category, with 9 MET criteria for vigorous activity and 5 MET criteria for moderate intensity. Perceived physical competencies were measured by a relevant subscale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Results. On average, respondents undertook 2.5 hours of MVPA. Males were more active than females, and younger persons more active than older persons. For the whole sample, self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control were the two significant predictors of MVPA. However, in the case of the latter the effect size was small. In self-efficacy a nearly linear increase from sedentary to the most active group was observed. Relationships between perceived competencies, self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control and physical activity were age dependent. The comparison between younger and older adults revealed that in the younger age group all three control variables were related to physical activity, while in the older group only self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control were signifiant; however, in both cases the effect sizes were weak. Conclusions. The most promising interventions to increase PA are teaching strategies to cope with barriers of physical activity and convincing people that regardless of their levels their physical fitness and motor abilities enable them to be physically active. However, while it seems true for young adults, the factors determining the physical activity of older adults and reinforcement strategies look different.
3

Characteristics of motor abilities of young athletes of selected sports during sport training

67%
Karpowicz K., Strzelczyk R.
Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism
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2010
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tom 17
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nr 1
4
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Comparison of motor abilities of young children in Poland in the years 1996 and 2006

67%
Kotarska K., Drohomirecka A., Sygit M., Sygit K., Eider J.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2014
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tom 05
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nr 1
The first study was conducted in 1996 in 10 (i.e. all) nurseries and 11 randomly selected preschools in Szczecin. The study involved 526 children (257 boys and 269 girls) aged 1–4 years, and 865 children from preschools (448 boys and 417 girls) aged 4–7 years. In 2006, the study was repeated in seven nurseries (i.e. all nurseries that existed in Szczecin at the time) and 11 preschools in the city of Szczecin, i.e. the same as in 1996. The study involved 314 children attending nurseries: 169 boys and 145 girls aged 1.5–4 and 887 preschool children (461 boys and 426 girls) aged 4–6 years. Motor development of nursery children was assessed based on the Denver test in two selected areas. The level of motor development in preschool children was assessed on the basis of a modified Wrocław Physical Fitness Test developed by B. Sekita. Comparison of the results helped answer the question whether and what developmental changes took place over a decade. The results indicated that the level of motor development of children in Szczecin, compared with children examined 10 years earlier, showed no significant differences.
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