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Background: As a result of numerous advantages of Nordic Walking such as the movement simplicity, its affordability and availability for people of various ages and with different levels of fitness, this relatively young physical activity has been developing remarkably for several years. It has the potential of increasing physical activity among elderly people. Defining to what extent practicing Nordic Walking (NW) influences the general level of physical activity and the quality of life of elderly people. Material/Methods: 161 people were examined (93 women and 68 men) at the age of 60 or above. In this group 48 practised NW: 33 women and 15 men. Health self-assessment was determined using the SF-36 questionnaire, whereas the level of physical activity using the SEWL questionnaire. Results: Statistically significant differences were noted (p<0.05) between respondents practising NW and the control group at the level of both physical activity and health selfassessment. Conclusions: Practising NW positively influences the increase of elderly people’s physical activity, translating to the level of health self-assessment.
As a result of our ageing society, finding the right workforce and keeping it motivated successfully in the long term is becoming increasingly challenging and it is not any different in the field of agricultural research. The authors have carried out exploratory research in the subject of motivation at the workplace amongst the young researchers participating in the Researchers Recruitment Programme of the National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center. Our questions are: What social background do those who choose this scientific career path have? Which factors motivate young researchers to choose this profession and which factors discourage them? In this article, the authors seek to find the answers to these questions and reinterpret Herzberg’s theory by addressing the Y-generation agricultural researchers.
Background: The aim of the research was to find out how the process of the study course Tourism at the Latvian Academy of Sport Education affects the formation of the students’ attitude towards outdoor life education. Material/Methods: In order to find it out, first of all, we clarified the students’ previous knowledge, understanding of outdoor education, as well as their previous outdoor life experience. The total number of participants was 97 students. Both theoretical and practical classes, as well as a five-day outdoor camp with various outdoor activities were included in the study course Tourism. The method of inquiry was used in the research. Results: The results of the first inquiries showed that students have very small previous outdoor life experience. The study course Tourism helped students develop a positive attitude and at least short-time motivation for the development of further outdoor experience. Conclusions: Research shows that Latvian Academy of Sport Education students’ prior outdoor living experience compared to experiences of other country students, such as Norway, the Czech Republic, or Sweden, is very small. The study course program Tourism increased students outdoor living experience. The course comprised a positive attitude and at least a temporary motivation for further formation of an outdoor experience. However, to ensure long-term motivation, further studies are required.
Background: During the last several years, diametrical difference in attitude to physical activity in youth has been noticed. Engagement in any form of physical activity always goes together with motivation for its undertaking, most often connected with realization of personal expectations. Its sources are perceived, among others, in interior factors, such as: joy resulting from participation in physical activity itself, personal achievements, and pleasure of finding release in movement or social contacts, e.g. spending time with friends. The present paper attempts to assess the motivation for additional physical activity undertaken by first-year students of the Faculty of Physical Education at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in 2000 and 2010 in their free time. Material/Methods: The research involved first-year students studying at the Faculty of Physical Education at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in the years 2000 and 2010. Generally, 639 students (42% women and 58% men) were examined. The research was conducted by means of a diagnostic poll with the use of authors’ own questionnaire. Results: The students from 2000 differed in a statistically significant way in taking care of their health, looks and figure and they were enjoying physical activity more. Important statistical differences were noted in undertaking physical activity in order to socialize in the following time points of the research. Both groups of students from 2000 and 2010, quoted a lack of financial means as the main reason limiting their physical activity. Conclusions: The research indicates the difference in motivation for physical activity between first-year students in 2000 and 2010.
This article presents historical background preceding writing and publication of Jerzy Konorski book "Integrative Activity of the Brain" followed by a short description of the main topics covered in the book. Two new and original contributions of Konorski are presented in detail, his theory of the motivational processes and the organization of the sensory systems in the brain. Those two contributions are then incorporated in the revised theory of the classical and type II conditioned reflexes which constitutes the core of the book. Conclusions point out at some of the ideas which remained valuable for the present day neuroscientists. Key words: Jerzy Konorski, integrative activity of the brain, motivation theory, gnostic units, classical and instrumental conditioning, dynamic memory
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The article aims to analyze the concept of eco-innovations emphasizing the motivations for implementing them, and effects of the eco-innovation process. The author presents the principal definitions of eco-innovations. Various motivations triggering eco-innovations are presented with a focus on regulatory and market factors. Entrepreneurs should be encouraged to adopt eco-innovations because they contribute to sustainable development which is the only way for a world that is challenged by global population growth, climate change, declining non-renewable resource stock, water shortages, and environmental degradation. The effects of eco-innovations can be both positive and negative. The main aim of eco-innovations is to decrease the environmental burdens of entrepreneurial activity. However, a new attitude towards eco-innovations emphasizes the role of economic returns and supplies security. The types of effects of environmentally friendly innovations discussed in the paper include environmental, technological, economic, social, cultural and managerial.
Background: What does it mean to be motivated? This is a question often formulated by psychologists and other researchers of human behavior. However it is a question which interests more or less managers and coaches, but the produced effects can be determinative for the activity of sports performance at all levels. Material/Methods: The present work aims to analyze the measurements in which the actions connected to athletes’ motivation , undertaken by sports organizations, influence and support their activities in order to increase performance. For this purpose we used the literature survey, a questionnaire, data analysis and data processing. This research was conducted on a total of 177 registered athletes from various sports clubs. Stability issues were tracked in the sports club, the conditions in which they operate, the level of motivation in training and competitions, team status, the level of aspiration, the level of appreciation and rewards, etc. Results: It is remarkable that the athlete’s option for the possibility to achieve high performance constitutes a more important motivator than the opportunity to have greater earning money though financial conditions. Conclusions: The motivation in training shows fluctuations due to factors of sports nature but also material stability, especially influencing athletes’ mental comfort. The levels of assessment, communication and reward are important motivational factors with direct effects on the results obtained by athletes both in competition and in training.
In the papers are characteristic informations about corporate culture, communication and motivation of the employees. In the next part of feature it describes and compares two plants in non-profits sphere and their communication and motivation between employees.
The research embraced 9339 people aged 13-75, living in the 6 macro-regions of Poland. The preferences and the consumption frequency for the chosen products and their groups and the choice importance of factors influencing the food choice were evaluated. On the basis of the factor analysis (the main components method) and the cluster analysis (the k-means method) the characteristic profiles describing the food choice models were selected. The existence of 6 profiles describing people dietary behaviours were revealed. Food choice was influenced to a larger extent by sensory and functional factors rather than by socio-cultural, concerning health factors or price. The health-concerning factors differentiated studied population, nevertheless, they had a moderate meaning for the food choice.
Introduction. The concept of motivation is very important for participation in recreation. There are three types of motivation: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation. The present study investigates consumer behavior issues related to the practice of mini football in Greece. Aim of Study. The study aimed specifically to: a) identify the most important motivation factors that drive individuals to participate in mini football; and b) investigate the predictability of motivation factors towards consumer loyalty. Material and Methods. 150 Greek men participated in the study and were asked to fill in a survey questionnaire. A path analysis method was used to assess the impact of motivation on loyalty. Results. The most important motivation type was extrinsic motivation comprising items related to enjoyment. The path analysis revealed the importance of extrinsic motivation and amotivation for predicting participants’ sport loyalty. Conclusions. The results of the present study can help managers of sport centers understand the significance of mini-football as a recreational activity
The aim of the study is to present BMI values of high school students and to show its correlation with chosen variables. In total, the examination comprised 386 high school students from Lublin aged 15-20 years. Underweight was found in 57 (14.77%), norm in 292 (75.6%), overweight in 17 (4.4%), obesity in 6 (1.55%), lack of up-to-date data in 14 (3.6%) cases. No significant differences were found between BMI value depending on the number of consumed meals, standard of accommodation and of living, declared general attitude to health, possibility of direct influence of the subjects on the quality of meals, kind of preferred way of alimentation, motivation for a change of the way of nutrition and declared factors affecting nutrition of examined high school students.
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