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Forewing pattern elements of moths in the family Tortricidae are discussed and characterized. An historical review of the terminology is provided. A new system of naming pattern elements is proposed.
The physiological response of Phalaenopsis × hybridum ‘Innocence’ to biotic stress caused by Pseudococcus longispinus feeding was investigated. The condition of the cytoplasmic membranes expressed by a value of electrolyte outflow (EL) and TBARS and the activity of antioxidative system enzymes: catalase and peroxidase, and the amount of non-enzymatic antioxidant – proline, were determined. The changes in all the analyzed physiological parameters depended on the duration of the pest feeding. The outflow of electrolytes, TBARS content and catalase activity was the highest in the first period of the experiment (after 24-hour of mealybug feeding). Significant increase of peroxidase activity and proline content was noted after 7 days of insects feeding. The values of all analyzed parameters (except EL) demonstrated a decreasing tendency after 14 days of P. longispinus feeding. The observed reaction of P. hybridum ‘Innocence’ testifies to mechanisms triggered with the aim of neutralizing the effects of biotic stress and enabling the normal functioning of the cells in the orchid plants colonized by longtailed mealybug.
The study presents new localities for 11 rare species of noctuid moths in Ukraine. Those species were first reported from Ukrainian Zakarpatie. Valeria oleagina (DEN. et SCHIFF.) was then confirmed as the second locality in Ukraine after over 100 years. Aedia leucomelas (L.), Chortodes extrema (HBN.) or Apamea syriaca (OSTH.) were reported from the third locality in Ukraine.
The first record of Eublemma parva (HBN.) from Poland are given. The species was found in the southern part of the country.
During the years 2011-2013, moths were collected in Koakoland (Mopane) Savanna in the Cuvelai Drainage System, Ovamboland, northern Namibia. In total, 77 species from 13 families have been identified. Their seasonal occurrence in this habitat was also investigated, with most species recorded in wet season between September and April, but with clear peak in February and March. The family Noctuidae was by far the most speciose (38 recorded species), followed by Crambidae (8 spp.), Sphingidae (6 spp.) and Arctiidae (4 spp.). All other families were represented by 1-3 species. For each species listed date of collection is given, and data on its global distribution.
The clearwing moth Paranthrene insolita was recorded for the first time in Poland in 1998 from the vicinity of Włodawa and Pinczów in SE Poland. Data on the biology and the presently known distribution in Poland are given. All moths collected so far in Poland have been attracted by synthetic pheromones.
For eleven species of order Lepidoptera new faunistic records from Poland are given. Elachista fulgens PARENTI, 1983 is reported from the country for the first time; information on its diagnostic characters and habitat preferences are also provided. Carex accutiformis Ehrh. is a potential host-plant of Elachista fulgens in Poland. The occurrence of Scythris picaepennis (HAWORTH, 1828) within territory of Poland has been confirmed owing to discovery of female specimen in the Pieniny Mts.; previously, this scythridid moth has been considered to belong to Polish fauna on the basis of exclusively old and unverified literature data. The second record of Epinotia kochiana (HERRICH-SCHÄFFER, 1851), third record of Crocidosema plebejana ZELLER, 1847, and fourth record of Pristerognatha fuligana (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER, 1775) from Poland are given too.
The first record of Dryobotodes monochroma ESPER (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from Poland is given. The species was found in the Bieszczady Mountains, Southeastern Poland.
The work describes purification and biochemical characterization of two inducible antimicrobial peptides from the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella. The peptides were isolated by a sequence of reversed-phase chromatography steps from the hemolymph of larvae immunized with viable bacteria. The first peptide is a member of the cecropin family while the second one is rich in proline residues and has a unique se­quence.
Bollworms comprise the most harmful and economically relevant species of lepidopteran. Helicoverpa gelotopoeon (D.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is native to America and affects many crops. Tobacco is an industrial crop in which methods of pest control rely mainly on the application of insecticides. To develop new eco-friendly strategies against insect pests it is very important to overcome the side effects of insecticides. The utilization of fungal entomopathogens as endophytes is a new perspective that may accomplish good results. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of endophytic Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. to affect H. gelotopoeon life parameters and feeding behavior on tobacco plants. Beauveria bassiana LPSC 1215 as an endophyte did not reduce the amount of vegetal material consumed by H. gelotopoeon larvae but affected the life cycle period of the plague, particularly the larval and adult stages. Also, egg fertility was affected since adults laid eggs that were not able to hatch. The results of this investigation provide new information on endophytic entomopathogen potential to be incorporated in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs.
The paper presents records of six rarely encountered species of migrant moths from a few localities situated in the southeastern part of Poland. The species are as follows: Dysgonia algira, Grammodes stolida, Eublemma purpurina, Spodoptera exigua, Rhodometra sacraria, and Dolicharthia punctalis.
Review of literature data as well as new distributional records of the relict and endangered saproxylic tineid moth Scardia boletella (Fabricius, 1794) in Poland are presented. Unpublished museal data from 1954 to 1963 and own observations from 1988 to 2014, mainly from Bieszczady Mts, East Beskid, Masurian Lake District, Białowieża Forest and Podlasie are included. The species is recorded for the first time from Lublin Upland.
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