Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 11

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  monooxygenase
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Methane is one of the most important greenhouse gases. In spite of its low mixing ratio (1775 ppbv), it is responsible for 20-30% of global warming. However, factors influencing methane fluxes to the atmosphere from different sources are still under debate. One of the most important elements of the methane cycle are methanotrophic bacteria. This unique group of Proteobacteria utilises methane at various levels, from atmospheric concentrations to several percentages, using molecular oxygen. Methanotrophs have been found in many terrestrial, aquatic and subsurface environments, there is however little information about methanotrophs connected with coal deposits. In the study, the presence of methanotrophic bacteria in coal–associated rocks of the Lublin Coal Basin (LCB) was confirmed by the methanotrophic activity tests of fresh and autoclaved samples from depths of 914 m and 997 m below the surface. Methanotrophs were also successfully enriched on nitrate minimal salts medium and identified based on the cloned pmoA sequences. It was found that methane-oxidising bacteria present in the LCB are highly similar to Methylosinus, Methylocys-tis and Methylocaldum species. It was assumed that biological oxidation may be one of the processes influencing methane concentrations in coalbeds and that rocks excavated with coal may serve e.g. as methanotrophically active covers preventing CH4 emission from landfills.
We evaluated morphological changes, the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucoso-6-phosphatase, Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase, and acid phosphatase, and the activity of the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system in rat kidneys exposed to coal dusts containing either low or high amounts of heavy metals. We showed that the coal dust with a very low content of heavy metals (VLCHM) did not produce any structural lesions, but significantly increased the activities of the enzymes. These changes probably reflected kidney adaptation to unfavorable conditions caused by the metals. The interactions among them reduced the eventual nephrotoxic effect of their action. The coal dust with high content of heavy metals (HCHM) damaged proximal convoluted tubules, straight tubules, and, to a lesser degree, distal convoluted tubules, especially those of long-looped nephrones. The levels and the activities of the assayed cytochromes decreased significantly in the kidneys of rats exposed to HCHM coal dust.
4
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
Content available

Functional aspects of eicosanoid metabolism

63%
The sequential metabolism of eicosanoids by AA oxygenases confers biological properties that may have significant functional implications. Further- the interpretation of the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on eicosanoid, dependent mechanisms needs to be reevaluated. Previously, if cyclooxygenase inhibitors affected the biological action of AA, it was considered to be due to elimination of a prostanoid-mediated component. This interpretation is no longer valid if a cell or tissue has significant P450 and cyclooxygenase activity. The cellular proximity of the P450-dependent monooxygenases and cyclooxygenase, described in tubules, interstitial cells, and blood vessels, may confer a unique ability of A A metabolites to coordinate tubular and vascular function.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of acetaminophen (APAP) and/or trichloroethylene (TRI) on the liver cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system, CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 (two important P450 isoforms), and liver glutathione (GSH) content in rats. Rats were given three different doses of APAP (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b...) and then the above-mentioned parameters were measured for 48 h. The lowest APAP dose produced small changes in the cytochrome P450 content of liver. At 500 mg/kg APAP increased the cytochrome P450 content to 230% of the control. The inductive effect was seen at 1000 mg/kg dose but at 24 h and later. NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity was the highest after the lowest dose of APAP, while after the highest dose it was equal to the control value. TRI increased both the cytochrome P450 content and the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity. When TRI was combined with APAP, both these parameters increased in the first hours of observation, but they returned to the control values at 24 h. When APAP was given at 250 mg/kg, GSH levels decreased to 55% of the control at 8 h and returned to the control values at 24 h. The higher doses of APAP decreased GSH levels more than the lowest dose, but after 24 h GSH levels did not differ from those of the control. When TRI was given at 250 mg/kg, the GSH levels decreased to 68% of the control at 2 h and then they increased gradually and tended to exceed the control values at 48 h. The effect of TRI combined with APAP on the level of GSH was virtually the same as that of APAP alone given at 500 mg/kg.
The renal regulatory role of cytochrome P450 dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), vasodilator epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and vasoconstrictor 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), was examined in anaesthetised rats. We measured renal artery flow (RBF), cortical (CBF) and medullary (MBF) perfusion (laser-Doppler) and medullary tissue nitric oxide (NO, selective electrode), after non-selective inhibition of CYP-450 pathway with 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT, 10 mg/kg i.v.) or after selective inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis with HET0016 (Taisho Co, Yoshino-cho, Japan), infused into renal artery at 0.3 mg/kg/h or into renal medulla at rates increasing from 0.15 to 1.5 mg/kg/h. ABT caused significant (by 13.7%) decrease in RBF without changing MBF. Renal arterial HET0016 increased MBF (not RBF or CBF) from 152±12 to 174±12 perfusion units (+16%, P<0.001), while medullary tissue nitric oxide was significantly increased (P<0.001). After renal medullary HET0016, renal perfusion indices were significantly higher than after HET0016 solvent (ß-cyclodextrin). Total renal blood flow seems to be under vasodilator control of EETs whereas renal medullary perfusion under tonic suppression by 20-HETE. The data document, for the first in the whole kidney studies, the functional antagonism of 20-HETE and NO.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.