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The aim of the study was to determine some plant characteristics of perennial ryegrass and white clover at the initial stages of plant growth (pot experiment) as affected by the percentage of either component in the seed mixture. Another objective was to investigate the effect of the component percentage on the yields and specific makeup of the mixtures when grown on arable land (a four-year field trial). Three white clover/perennial ryegrass mixtures were compared: 75% clover + 25% ryegrass, 50% clover + 50% ryegrass, 25% clover + 75% ryegrass). Under controlled environment conditions it was found that as the percentage of ryegrass in the seeding mixture increased the plant height, number of shoots and leaves of that species and the weight of the mixture herbage were negatively affected. The negative effeet of the increased percentage of ryegrass was less manifest in clover plants which produced the lowest number of leaves in the combination involving 75% of the grass. With the rising percentage of ryegrass in the mixture there was an increased buildup of dry matter in the plants of both species. The percentage of components in the dry weight of mixture herbage obtained in the pot experiment was similar to that in the seeding mixture. Under field conditions different percentages of ryegrass seeds in the seeding mixture had no effect on the yields of mixtures and their botanical makeup. In the seeding year and the first production year perennial ryegrass was the dominant component of the dry herbage, white clover dominated in the second and the third production years. The abrupt decline of ryegrass in the mixture was due to winter kill at the end of the first and the beginning of the second production year. The large percentage (75%) of ryegrass in the mixture mitigated the impact of freezing losses and at the same time favoured regeneration of that species.
Koniczyna biała w mieszankach z życicą trwałą dostarczała około 240-250 kg azotu na hektar przy braku nawożenia azotowego i 190-220 kg przy nawożeniu azotowym dawką 120 kg/ha, natomiast w siewach jednogatunkowych w zakresie wszystkich poziomów nawożenia od około 360 do 410 kg tego składnika na hektar. Uwzględniając ilość koniczyny białej w mieszankach nie nawożonych, 1% tego gatunku wnosił na hektar od 4,1 do 4,8 kg azotu a przy nawożeniu 120 kg N/ha - od 5,6 do 6,1 kg azotu na hektar. W jednogatunkowych zasiewach koniczyny białej wiązanie azotu przy wszystkich poziomach nawożenia było wyrównane i wynosiło od 5,1 do 5,9 kg azotu na hektar.
The paper presents the results from the period of three years (1992-1994) of experiments describing purpose fulness of under so wing the Italian ryegrass (12 kg/ha) into already growing red clover which was previously undersown into spring bailey. Undersowing was done at three different dales; after harvesting the barley as green forage tit the earing stage — IV. after harvest of barley for grain — at the stage of full maturity — V, and in the second half of september — VI. Comparison plots were: red clover — I, Italian ryegrass — II, and the mixture of two above III seeded in the spring. Effectiveness of undersowing of Italian ryegrass was relatively low measured by the percentage of its share in the mixture with red clover, and was respectively in first cutting; IV - 18%, V — 6% and VI — as compared with 41% in the mixture — III. Regardless form the method of sowing the yields of mixtures of red clover with Italian ryegrass (III- IV) were higher than the yields or Italian ryegrass grown alone II. The yields od red clover grown alone were similar to its mixtures with Italian ryegrass. Higher protein and fat content in red clover as compared with ryegrass justices the growing of this grass in mixtures with red clover. Leaf index of red clover stand was higher that the one of Italian ryegrass for all cuttings.
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