The knowledge of the genetic variability and structure of Salmo trutta population is needed for effective protection of the species and rational management of the resources. A number of marker systems have been introduced to evaluate the genetic variability of trout populations. Among them, the most often used are the RAPD and SSR markers. Both marker systems are classified as type II markers (O’BRIEN 1991, LERCETEAU-KÖHLER and WEISS 2006). In this study, the genetic variability of the Salmo trutta m. fario and Salmo trutta m. trutta populations from the Rega river, and the three watercourses Sitna, Słopica and Bagnica of the Drawa river catchment area, were analysed. One stream, the Chojnówka (located outside the catchments of the above streams), was used as an extra study area. Based on two marker systems, different results were obtained. In the case of RAPD analysis, all loci were polymorphic in all populations. The use of these marker systems permitted the construction of UPGMA similarity trees. The trees revealed a division of the analysed populations into two groups: one group from the Słopica river and the other group from the remaining watercourses. In the second similarity group, two subgroups can be distinguished: one comprising the population of the sea trout from the Rega river and that of the brown trout from the Sitna river (60.7%), and the other consisting of the parr trout populations from the Chojnówka, Bagnica and Sitna (50.3–79.4%). Between the analysed populations, 100% polymorphism was found. The results indicate a high genetic variability of the studied populations. In the case of SSR analysis, 9 microsatellite loci isolated from five trout populations were described. The number of alleles at these loci ranged from 1 to 5 with an average of 2.8 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.07 to 0.66, with an average of 0.35. The results indicate high genetic variation of the populations studied.
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