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The most recent version of the wind damage risk model was published in 2012. The model is based on eleven stand characteristics of which stand damage that occurred in the last decade is among the most important ones. It is expressed as the volume of wood obtained from wind−broken and wind−thrown trees as well as of deadwood. Not taking this feature into consideration would undermine the value of this damage risk factor. In the study, the material contained in the database of the State Forests Information System was used to develop a model for calculating the volume of wood obtained from wind−broken and wind−thrown trees as well as of deadwood. This allowed to apply the stand damage risk model to determine, inter alia, the risk of damage in a multi−variant forecast of timber resources.
Due to the observed impacts of climate change on the natural environment, the demand for energy from renewable sources is growing, especially in the last decades. One of the possibilities in this respect is the use of forest biomass, especially that one which comes from logging residues. This type of wood raw material is obtained primarily in mature forests and during late thinnings. Estimation of the expected volume of logging residues from a particular cutting site is currently carried out in the State Forests, National Forest Holding with an accuracy oscillating at an acceptable level of ±40%. The purpose of this study was to estimate the share of logging residues in the total volume of the harvested biomass and to determine the difference and error between the estimated volume to be sold and actually harvested. The research was carried out at the 164 logging sites located in 10 forest districts of north−eastern part of Poland. The average volume of logging residues was 37.7 ±14.4 m³/ha, and the average error of their estimation was –6.1%.
The experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the influence of the thickness of bedding supplemented with Akrygel KM superabsorbent upon the growth, development and decorative value of 2 border plant species (Tagetes and Ageratum). Four doses of Akrygel KM were used: 0, 2, 4, and 6 g/ dm³ bedding at the thickness of 5, 10 and 15 cm. The experiment proved a positive effect of the superabsorbent upon the growth and development of the plants. Akrygel KM in rate 4 and 6 g/ dm³ applied at 5 cm thick plot bedding absorbed water and positively affected plant rooting after planting to the field. The addition of Akrygel KM in rate 6 g/ dm³ increased the number of Tagetes and Ageratum inflorescences already after 3 weeks after planting, by 61,7% and 451%, respectively, in comparison to control; it also grew the diameter of Tagetes plants by 69% and Ageratum plants by 82%.
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