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One thausand and six hundred sixty six embryonated eggs were inoculated with two vaccines, i.e. Iboral I and Bioral H 120. The third group of embryos served as a control. The following factors were taken into consideration: the hatching time, percentage of injured chickens, degree of lesions in vaccinated and dead embryos, time of survivance and level of antibodies in sera at day 2 and 12 after hatching (5 and 15 days after vaccination). Both vaccines caused a slight postvaccinal reaction of the respiratory system and an increase of HI titers at day 15 after vaccination: up to 5.1 (Iboral I) and 4.2 (Bioral H 120) compared with 2.7 in the control. Only after Bioral H 120 an insignificant decrease of the brood (1.2%) and a greater ratio of scrapped chicks were observed in comparison to the control, however, it was still within normal limits. Inoculated and dead embryos were not injured in the both groups. Iboral I caused the insignificant dilatation of the extreme of hatch function and distortion of hatch diagram. The studies showed that the both vaccines were safe for embryos. The proposed analysis of hatch may be considered as a model to assess the safety of vaccines.
The aim of this study was a comparison of the occurrence and presence of Mareks disease strain HVT FC 126 in internal organs after in ovo vaccination and after vaccination of one day old chicks. One hundred SPF chicken embryos were used in the experiment on the 18th day of incubation. Forty-five embryos were vaccinated in ovo with a dose of 2400 pfu of virus HVT FC 126. Twenty-eight embryos were injected in the back area (group I), and for 17 embryos the vaccine was provided to the embryonic fluids (group II). All of the embryos were hatched. Chicks from non-vaccinated embryos were divided into two groups. On the first day after clutch, 30 chicks were vaccinated in the leg muscle (group III). The fourth control group consisted of non-vaccinated chicks. Blood samples and sections of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and bursa of Fabricius were taken on days 1, 3, 7 and 10 from 5-day-old chicks (group I), on days 1, 3 and 10 from group II, and on days 3, 7 and 10 from groups III and IV. Total DNA was extracted from the samples, and used for the detection of viral DNA with PCR method. For amplification, two primers, specific for the fragment of A gene of MDV 3 serotype were used. No influence of in ovo vaccination on hatching was observed. Percentage of hatched chicks after in ovo vaccination was 85.7% and in the control group 87.3%. Chicks were healthy and welldeveloped. Viral DNA was found in the blood and lungs in group I about 3 hours after hatching, and was detected on the third day of life in blood, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys of birds from group I as well as in blood samples from group II. From the 7th day of life characteristic for HVT FC 126 product (434 bp) was observed in all the samples collected from group I. It was subsequently detected in blood, spleen and lungs on the 7th day of life and in the bursa of Fabricius and liver on the 10th day of life in group III. Viral DNA was not found in samples taken from the heart and kidneys.
The aim of the research was to determine the influence of a synthetic immunomodulator methisoprinol applied in ovo as a 10% solution in doses of 5 mg per egg (group I) and 20 mg of active substance per egg (group II) on the 26th day of incubation on T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood and spleen of 5-day-old turkeys hatched from the treated eggs. The control group (group III) were turkeys hatched from eggs in standard hatchery conditions (without in ovo injections). The percentage of T-lymphocyte subpopulations was determined by flow cytometry using specific monoclonal anti-T CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺antibodies and an EPICS XL apparatus. It was demonstrated that methisoprinol applied in ovo in doses of 5 mg per egg stimulated non-specific mechanisms of humoral immunity in 5-day-old turkey poults hatched from the treated eggs, which resulted in a higher percentage of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ T-lymphocytes in their blood and spleen. Methisoprinol applied in ovo in doses of 20 mg per egg stimulated mainly non-specific mechanisms of cellular immunity in 5-day-old turkey poults hatched from the treated eggs, as evidenced by a higher percentage of CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in the spleen.
The aim of the study was the comparison of the percentage of the T lymphocytes subpopulation in the blood of chickens vaccinated against Marek’s disease in ovo or during the first day of life. The commercial, lyophylised turkey vaccine strain HVT FC 126 was used in the experiment. A dose of 2400 PFU of the vaccine virus was applied to 28 chicken SPF embryos (group I) on the 18th day of incubation. Group II was constituted by 23 one-day-old chicks, inoculated with the mentioned dose of the virus, three hours after breeding. The control group was represented by twenty-two non vaccinated birds. All the groups were kept in separate rooms. Blood samples were collected on 1st , 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th, 28th, 42th and 56th days of life. FICT labeled monoclonal mouse antibodies against chicken surface receptors CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ were applied for determining T lymphocyte subpopulations. A flow cytometer was used for the designation of markers on the cell surface. In the first week of life, a higher percentage of T lymphocytes CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ was observed in vaccinated birds (group I and II) in comparison to the control group. However, the observed differences were not statistically significant. Later on the examined parameters were similar to the physiological ones, but differentiation between particular groups was noticed. The vaccination with HVT FC 126 strain in ovo or in the first day of life did not result in quantitative changes in T lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood.
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