Genotype-dependent variation in water stress-induced tissue dehydration (RWC), proline accumulation (PA), membrane injury (MI) and stress resistance (R) was studied among old and modern cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Twenty-day- old seedlings grown in nutrient solution were subjected to a moderate water stress (-0.75 MPa) by immersing (for 72 h) their root systems in aerated nutrient solution with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). Both cultivar groups tended to exhibit a different responsibility to the moderate stress. Water deficit induced reductions in the water content of leaves in five out of nine modern cultivars only and in these cultivars an increased accumulation of free proline was found. The highest, about 100-fold increase in PA was noticed in the modern cvs Emika and Finezja. The highest MI (≈ 12%) had the modern cv. Finezja. The leaf PA under stress positively correlated with MI, but both characteristics showed negative correlations with RWC. Only weak and insignificant relationships between leaf characteristics and stress resistance were observed. The results suggest that none of the individual measured physiological parameters would indirectly serve as a precise indicator for drought resistance in the studied wheat collection.
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