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Разработана математическая модель и проведён анализ системы определение рационального количества технического контроля механизмов зерноуборочного комбайна.
 Reactions of reactive oxygen species and more specifically - of hydroxyl radical (•OH) - with nucleosides may lead to the generation of radicals in the base and 2-deoxyribose moieties. In the present study emphasis was put on the possible reaction modes of 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) radicals, leading to the formation of related 5',8-cyclonucleosides. It appears that the prerequisite for the formation of 5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (cdA) is the adoption of O4'-exo conformation by 2-deoxyribose; however, this is the least energetically favored conformer among the different puckered forms adopted by the furanose ring. The O4'-exo conformation was found to be present in each of the discussed mechanisms.
This study includes information concerning supercritical fluids. Beginning from the general description of the supercritical fluids, their historical background with physico-chemical properties is given. Special properties with the aid of which supercritical characteristics are obtained are attempted to be explained. Also, supercritical C02 (SCC02), as a solvent for extraction related to the advantages of using such a solvent carrying supercritical properties, is discussed. In order to understand the mechanism of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), the modelling concept of supercritical fluids (SCFs) and the criteria for various separation techniques are redefined.
Cells interact by exchanging material and information. Two methods of cell-to-cell communication are by means of microvesicles and by means of nanotubes. Both microvesicles and nanotubes derive from the cell membrane and are able to transport the contents of the inner solution. In this review, we describe two physical mechanisms involved in the formation of microvesicles and nanotubes: curvature-mediated lateral redistribution of membrane components with the formation of membrane nanodomains; and plasmamediated attractive forces between membranes. These mechanisms are clinically relevant since they can be affected by drugs. In particular, the underlying mechanism of heparin’s role as an anticoagulant and tumor suppressor is the suppression of microvesicluation due to plasma-mediated attractive interaction between membranes.
 Steroid therapy, due to a wide range of anti-inflammatory properties of steroids, is a basic field of treatment in many human diseases including the nephrotic syndrome in children. However, not all patients respond positively to therapy which divides them into steroid sensitive (SS) and steroid resistance (SR) individuals. Many potential factors associated with steroid resistance have been identified so far. It seems that genetic factors associated with glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), the structure of heterocomplex of GR as well as glycoprotein P or cytochrome P450 may play a role in the induction of glucocorticoid resistance. Here we described several of the molecular mechanisms, which can regulate glucocorticoid sensitivity and resistance. Moreover, we presented genetic defects, which can lead to various effects of treatment and, in a longer perspective, enable clinicians to individualize therapies.
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The vasoconstrictor effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on isolated perfused rat kidney was investigated. H2O2 induced vasoconstriction in the isolated rat kidney in a concentration-dependent manner. The vasoconstrictor effects of H2O2 were completely inhibited by 1200 U/ml catalase. Endothelium-removal potentiated the renal response to H2O2. The H2O2 dose-response curve was not significantly modified by administration of the NO inhibitor L-NAME (10-4 mol/l), whereas it was increased by the non-specific inhibitor of K+-channels, tetraethylammonium (3·10-3 mol/l). Separately, removal of extracellular Ca2+, administration of a mixture of calcium desensitizing agents (nitroprusside, papaverine, and diazoxide), and administration of a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (chelerythrine, 10-5 mol/l) each significantly attenuated the vasoconstrictor response to H2O2, which was virtually suppressed when they were performed together. The pressor response to H2O2 was not affected by: dimethyl sulfoxide (7·10-3 mol/l) plus mannitol (3·10-3 mol/l); intracellular Ca2+ chelation using BAPTA (10-5 mol/l); calcium store depletion after repeated doses of phenylephrine (10-5 g/g kidney); or the presence of indomethacin (10-5 mol/l), ODYA (2·10-6 mol/l) or genistein (10-5 mol/l). We conclude that the vasoconstrictor response to H2O2 in the rat renal vasculature comprises the following components: 1) extracellular calcium influx, 2) activation of PKC, and 3) stimulation of pathways leading to sensitization of contractile elements to calcium. Moreover, a reduced pressor responsiveness to H2O2 in female kidneys was observed.
During 9 years of studies very regular Chironomus population dynamics was stated in a eutrophic, lowland dam reservoir. There were usually two peaks of the abundance: the higher one at spring (up to 80 thousands ind. m⁻²) and the much lower in autumn. The duration of the spring Chironomus generation was about 3 weeks. The constant presence of young larvae during the summer did not result in the high total abundance of larvae, mainly due to the strong predation of fish and swallows on various stages of Chironomus. The smaller predators pressure in the spring (due to fish breeding) and in the autumn (due to lower temperatures) resulted in the mentioned two peaks. The spring peak abundance was positively correlated with the chlorophyll concentration in water (feeding resource for larvae) and negatively with the water flow. There was also negative correlation of the water flow and the chlorophyll concentration, as well as abundance of Chironomus and Tubificidae during the vegetation season (April-October). Tubificidae correlated strongly positively with the spring Chironomus numbers (with a month lag). The slight positive correlation of these benthic components abundance occurred for the whole vegetation season. Tubificidae occurred in generally high numbers up to 400 thousands m⁻², but various in different years, and with no regular changes during the season.
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