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Capsaicinoids in hot pepper depending on fruit maturity stage and harvest date

100%

Buczkowska H., Dyduch J., Najda A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2013

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tom 12

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nr 6

The pharmacological and culinary usefulness of hot pepper fruits is determined, among others, by the content of capsaicinoids that give hot peppers a pungent burning taste. The content of these compounds in hot pepper is primarily determined by the genetic traits of a cultivar and is modified by various factors: weather conditions during the growing season, fertilization, harvest time, and fruit maturity stage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fruit maturity stage: green fruits, fruits turning colour as well as physiologically mature fruits (red), and fruit harvest date: the first and third decade of September, on the content of capsaicinoids in four hot pepper cultivars: ‘Cyklon’, ‘Orkan’, ‘Rokita’, and ‘Bronowicka Ostra’. In this study, which was carried out in 2005 and 2006, the content of capsaicinoids (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) was measured by HPLC. The highest amount of capsaicinoids was obtained in the fruits of hot pepper that were harvested at the initial stage of maturity – in green fruits (on average 309 mg·kg⁻¹), compared to fruits turning red (258) and red fruits (250 mg·kg⁻¹). Peppers selected in the third decade of September contained more capsaicinoids (on average 301 mg·kg⁻¹) than those harvested in the first decade of this month (243 mg·kg⁻¹). Fruits of the evaluated cultivars differed in capsaicinoids content; on average it ranged from 212 (‘Cyklon’) to 326 mg·kg⁻¹ (‘Bronowicka Ostra’). In fruits of all the quantitative ratio of capsaicin to dihydrocapsaicin was at a similar level, ranging between 11.9 and 12.9. The capsaicinoids content in fruits of the investigated cultivars differed between years 2005 (302) and 2006 (243 mg·kg⁻¹).

2

Antioxidant activity of apples - an impact of maturity stage and fruit part

100%

Duda-Chodak A., Tarko T., Tuszynski T.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria

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2011

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tom 10

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nr 4

Background. Recently, many studies have been oriented towards improving methods and efficiency of antioxidants recovery from different fruit and their wastes. The aim of the study was to evaluate antioxidant potential of apple seeds and peel, which constitute the fruit industry wastes, and compare it to apple flesh. Antioxidant activity of apples at different maturity and storage stage were analysed too. Material and methods. The Idared and the Šampion cultivars of apples were used in the study. Antioxidant activity was estimated using ABTS and DPPH assays, and polyphenols profile was determined by HPLC method. Results. Seeds of analysed apple cultivars were characterised by a significantly higher antioxidant capacity and by higher concentrations of polyphenols analysed when compared to their peel and flesh. There were present two predominant compounds: phloridzin in seeds (84% and 72%) and quercetin glycosides in peels (54% and 38%, Idared and Šampion cultivars, respectively). No quercetin glycosides in seeds were found. The capacity to scavenge an ABTS radical, but not DPPH, decreased during ripening of apples, while cold storage resulted in enhanced antioxidant potential. Conclusion. It can be concluded that unripe apples together with apple seeds and peel (fruit industry wastes) constitute a valuable source of polyphenols.

3

Próba krytycznej oceny terminu dojrzałości buraków cukrowych na podstawie liczbowej wartości wskaźnika stosunku mas korzenie: liście

100%

Walerianczyk E., Urbanowicz I.

Gazeta Cukrownicza

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1988

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tom 96

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nr 04-05

4

Reproductive cycle and the related spatial and temporal distribution of the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius L.) in Puck Bay

100%

Sokolowska E., Skora K. E.

Oceanologia

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2002

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tom 44

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nr 4

The cycle of gonad development and related changes in the length structure and spatial-temporal distribution of ninespine sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius L.) in Puck Bay were studied. Observations were carried out in the shallow shore zones, as well as in the deeper epipelagic zone of the Bay. Ninespine sticklebacks reproduce in the brackish environment of Puck Bay, breeding in its warmer, inshore zones. Reproduction takes place in the spring and summer months, from April to July. One female spawns several clutches of eggs during one breeding season. The average length of ninespine sticklebacks in Puck Bay was about 40 mm, and the sex ratio in the population was close to 1:1. However, both length structure and sex ratio were subject to local and periodic variations, resulting from possible breeding-related territorial divisions. Higher gonadosomatic indices in females in early spring represented the transition of fish to the advanced vitelligenous phase. The lowest GSI of males during the breeding season indicated the termination of spermatogenesis. The completion of spawning in August started a new process of gonad restoration to prepare the fish for the next breeding season.

5

Digestibility of whole grain crop silages determined by different methods

100%

Micek P., Kowalski Z. M., Borowiec F., Shelford J. A.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences

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2001

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tom 10

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nr 4

6

Stage of gonadal development of cultured salmon [Salmo salar L.] during their second year of life

100%

Domagala J., Dziewulska K.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Piscaria

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2003

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tom 02

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nr 1

7

Digestion of whole-crop grain silage starch in ruminants

100%

Micek P., Borowiec F., Kowalski Z. M.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. Supplement

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2001

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tom 10

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nr 2

8

Effect of maturity stage and post-harvest drying on carbohydrate composition and storability of onion

100%

Horbowicz M., Grzegorzewska M.

Folia Horticulturae

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2000

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tom 12

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nr 1

9

Protein degradability in the rumen and intestinal digestibility of ensiled whole-crop oat cut at different stages of maturity

100%

Kowalski Z. M., Borowiec F., Pisulewski P. M., Micek P., Ludwin J.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. Supplement

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2001

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tom 10

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nr 2

10

Precocious males of cultured Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. in the second spawning season

100%

Dziewulska K., Domagala J.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

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2003

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tom 33

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nr 2

Background. Early maturation of salmon males (Salmo salar L.) affects the reduction of fish physical condition and culture Materials and Methods. Atotal of 145 salmon males belonging to a group of low growth rate specimens that had not smoltified during the first spawning season were sampled from the "Aquamar" Fish Farm (Miastko, Poland). The study was based on light microscopy examination of histological sections and a standard procedure of milt quality evaluation. The gonadal development stage was determined with Billard and Escaffre ′s 9-grade scale modified by Dziewulska. Results. The mean fork length of males was 10.45 cm. Three groups of males were distinguished: non-maturing (stage I); beginning spermatogenesis (inactive substage II); and precocious (stages VI to IX plus maturing males classified as undergoing "attempted spermatogenesis"). The groups contained 72.4, 4.8, and 22.8% of the males examined, respectively. The gonadosomatic index recorded in the three respective groups ranged from 0.010 to 0.164 (mean 0.040); 0.050 -0.155 (0.089); and 0.058 -6.219 (1.358). The gonadosomatic index is not an accurate indicator of gonadal activity. The precocious males semen contained from 6.1 to 23.0 million spermatozoa per mm 3 (13.41 million on the average). Spermatozoa performing progressive movements constituted 80-90%. Results. On the other hand, precocious male can fertilize mature eggs. The aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of precocious maturation and to evaluate semen characteristics in a group of cultured 1-year-old salmon. Conclusion. Among non-maturing males and males beginning spermatogenesis, precocious individuals were detected, the latter produced semen of good quality.

11

Contents and ratios of mineral components in winter barley biomass cultivated under conditions of different nitrogen fertilisation

100%

Barczak B.

Journal of Elementology

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2008

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tom 13

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nr 3

In 1999-2002, a strict two-factor field experiment was conducted at the University of Technology and Agriculture in Bydgoszcz to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen doses on the content and mutual ratios of macro-elements in green mass of winter barley in relation to barley growth stage. The experiment was established at the Research Station in Wierzchucinek near Bydgoszcz. The plant material consisted of samples of winter barley biomass taken at five stages of maturity: tillering, shooting (stem elongation), heading, initial grain filling and soft dough phases. The following nitrogen doses in kg⋅ha-1 were applied as ammonium nitrate: 0, 60, 120, 180. The results showed that the content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na in winter barley vegetative mass decreased in the consecutive phenological phases, from tillering to soft dough. The largest decrease in the consecutive growth stages was detected for nitrogen and magnesium. With respect to nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and sodium, their decrease in winter barley biomass during the growing season was generally higher in objects fertilised with nitrogen than in objects with no nitrogen fertilisation. In general, nitrogen had a positive effect on the content of the assayed macroelements in winter barley vegetative mass in all the growth phases. The ratio of the total content of nitrogen cations was observed to have attained the highest values in the later plant growth phases in the objects with no nitrogen or those fertilised with 60 kg N ha-1.

12

Utility and biological value of hot pepper fruits from a single harvest

80%

Buczkowska H., Labuda H.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2015

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tom 14

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nr 2

Due to the unique taste features and pro-health values of fruits, hot pepper is cultivated in Poland on the commercial scale, most frequently with the use of single harvest which results in fruits at various maturity stage: green fruits, fruits turning colour and physiologically mature fruits (red). This paper, based on the results of 3-year experiments, evaluates utility and biological value of fruits of four Polish cvs.: ‘Bronowicka Ostra’, ‘Orkan’, ‘Cyklon’ and ‘Rokita’. Agricultural study was conducted for three years, during the period 2009–2011. Fruits of various maturity stage consisted of the marketable yield of the and hot pepper from a single harvest. The evaluated cultivars differed in utility and biological value of fruits, quantity and fruit yield structure. The greatest yield was obtained from ‘Orkan’ and ‘Rokita’ cvs. (2.17 kg·m-2 ), yet the greatest yield of physiologically mature fruits (1.16 kg·m-2) from ‘Bronowicka Ostra’ cv. whose share in marketable yield was 65.0%. Biological value of fruits depended on maturity stage and cultivar genotype. Physiologically mature fruits contained most dry mass (13.18%), soluble solids (4.4%), L-ascorbic acid (199.9 mg·100 g-1 f.m.), total sugars (2.92%). Yet more capsaicinoids were proved in green fruits and fruits turning colour. Least dry mass (%) and total sugars (%) were noted in ‘Orkan’ cv., whereas least L-ascorbic acid in ‘Bronowicka Ostra’ cv., in which fruits at every stage of maturity accumulated most capsaicinoids.

13

Effect of plant maturity on dry matter, protein and starch degradability in the rumen and intestinal digestibility of whole-crop oat silage

80%

Micek P., Kowalski Z. M.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement

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2006

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tom 03

199-204

14

Spawning of Baltic herring in the Vistula Lagoon: effects of environmental conditions and stock parameters

80%

Krasovskaya N.

Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Institute

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2002

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nr 1

15

Maturity stage of roach [Rutilus rutilus L.] and bream [Abramis brama L.] gonads from the Solina dam reservoir, and perch [Perca fluviatilis L.] gonads from the Roznow dam reservoir

80%

Epler P., Luszczek-Trojnar E., Szymacha J., Drag-Kozak E., Socha M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Piscaria

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2005

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tom 04

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nr 1-2

Ograniczanie wyników

Capsaicinoids in hot pepper depending on fruit maturity stage and harvest date

Antioxidant activity of apples - an impact of maturity stage and fruit part

Próba krytycznej oceny terminu dojrzałości buraków cukrowych na podstawie liczbowej wartości wskaźnika stosunku mas korzenie: liście

Reproductive cycle and the related spatial and temporal distribution of the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius L.) in Puck Bay

Digestibility of whole grain crop silages determined by different methods

Stage of gonadal development of cultured salmon [Salmo salar L.] during their second year of life

Digestion of whole-crop grain silage starch in ruminants

Effect of maturity stage and post-harvest drying on carbohydrate composition and storability of onion

Protein degradability in the rumen and intestinal digestibility of ensiled whole-crop oat cut at different stages of maturity

Precocious males of cultured Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. in the second spawning season

Contents and ratios of mineral components in winter barley biomass cultivated under conditions of different nitrogen fertilisation

Utility and biological value of hot pepper fruits from a single harvest

Effect of plant maturity on dry matter, protein and starch degradability in the rumen and intestinal digestibility of whole-crop oat silage

Spawning of Baltic herring in the Vistula Lagoon: effects of environmental conditions and stock parameters

Maturity stage of roach [Rutilus rutilus L.] and bream [Abramis brama L.] gonads from the Solina dam reservoir, and perch [Perca fluviatilis L.] gonads from the Roznow dam reservoir