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Machine timber harvesting makes it possible to reduce substantially factors which have adverse impact on human health and which accompany manual-machine timber harvesting, presently predominating in Poland. The ergonomic factors classified into four following groups may be recognised as the main preconditions related to work with multi-operation machines: physical load – small energy expenditure, a very high value of repetitiveness and static efforts; mental load – high level of monotony, aesthenopia, a high level of stress; environmental load – significant limitation of hazard to operator’s hearing, work under conditions of thermal comfort, reduced vibration hazard; organisational load – a relatively low risk of work – related accidents, making it possible to perform work operations throughout the year, continued employment, high work autonomy, independence in decision making, a possibility for workers to organise themselves and form work teams. The paper presents subjective perceptions and opinions of fifty operators of specialised machines with respect to their work load. Almost a half of the respondents worked over 50 hours per week. One third found their work conditions difficult. Work pace was recognised as particularly challenging to their well-being as merely 6% of respondents found it relatively low. Additionally, the selected elements of assessment of workstations under study in terms of energetic costs and noise load is discussed The maximum energy expenditure of a machine operator is related to operations performed outside a cab: tuning up, routine maintenance, and repairs. Energy expenditure related to work inside a cab did not exceed 14 kJ/min. Noise level in a low-noise cabin was lower than sixty dB(A). Use of machines to a large degree eliminates important health-adverse factors accompanying combined machine-driven and manual timber harvesting, however, it creates conditions favouring occurrence of new ailments and diseases, totally different from those which have been recorded so far in forestry.
Adoption of a definite technology of timber harvesting is connected with achievement of management aims and creates health hazard for machine operators. The purpose of this study was to determine a model of analysis of selected ergonomic aspects on the basis of probabilistic modeling. A model description of physical factors of work environment is presented in this paper. It permits to determine the state of danger for operators during timber harvesting processes of different technological and organizational levels. The analyses showed that the presented model of ergonomic analysis, based on approximations of the probability function and probability measure, permits to make the estimate of many criteria of danger for operators.
Dokonano analizy zagrożenia hałasem występującym podczas okrzesywania i przerzynki drewna pilarką spalinową. W badaniach wykorzystane zostały dwa modele pilarek spalinowych Husqvarna: 242 i 257. Pomiary hałasu zostały przeprowadzone podczas pozyskiwania drewna w drzewostanie rębnym sosnowym.
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