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The effects of mutagens on DNA replication and DNA repair were studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from 21 healthy subjects, 2 samples from healthy heterozygote of Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and 2 samples from patient with clinically recognised XP. Inter-individual variations were found in DNA replication and in the level of spontaneous DNA repair measured under standard culture condition. Exposure of human PBL proliferating in vitro to B(a)P was followed by a partial inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis in all subjects and by an induction of DNA repair in healthy subjects. In XP patients DNA repair synthesis remained at the level attributed to spontaneous DNA repair. The response to mutagen varied individually. Results were analysed statistically. It was established that the studied indices of DNA synthesis correlate well with each other. The highest correlation was found between the levels of spontaneous and B(a)P-induced DNA repair. It is concluded that the level of spontaneous DNA repair is predictive for an estimation of cells ability to repair DNA damage. Inter-individual variations in the inhibition of DNA replication and in DNA repair synthesis are also dependent on the type of mutagen as shown by effects of other mutagens. Different effects of mutagen exposure on the inhibition of DNA replicative synthesis and induction of DNA repair can be explained by genetically controlled differences in the activity of enzymes responsible for mutagen processing and lesion removal.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been recognized as a major cause of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. Macrophages are the targets of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative rods. In this study we focused on a potential role of macrophages in the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) in the milieu of H. pylori LPS and standard E. coli LPS. First, we found that H. pylori and E. coli LPS induced proliferation of total PBML (tPBML) from 5 out 21 healthy blood donors (LPS responders). In the LPS milieu, tPBML from the majority of volunteers (LPS non-responders) showed a significant decrease in the [3H]-thymidine incorporation as compared to tPBML in medium alone. The decreased cell proliferation was associated with a diminished metabolic activity of non-adherent lymphocytes. Then, non-adherent lymphocytes were stimulated with autologous macrophages pulsed with bacterial LPS. Still, the lymphocytes from the non-responders did not proliferate in the cultures with LPS exposed macrophages. In the group of LPS responders, the macrophages pulsed with H. pylori LPS significantly reduced the proliferation of non-adherent lymphocytes. The possible mechanism regulating the responses of PBML to bacterial LPS with an implication for the outcome of H. pylori infections is discussed.
The antimutagenic activity of alkylresorcinols from cereal grains and anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa fruit were compared in three short-term mphocyte tests: a sister chromatid exchange test, a cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay and a thioguanine-resistance test. It was noticed that both tested compounds significantly decreased the rate and frequency of mutations induced in cultured lymphocytes with two standard mtagens: benzo[a]pyrene and mitomycin C. Alkylresorcinols appeared to be acre potent antimutagenic compounds than anthocyanins. Anthocyanins exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the generation and release of free radicals by human granulocytes in vitro, as measured with the NBT-reduction test. The results suggest that alkylresorcinols and anthocyanins exerted an antimutagenic influence through multifarious mechanisms, one of which could be a limitation of free radical involvement in mutagenesis.
An immune system status of socially stressed laboratory rats Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769 and their offsprings was studied. Several tests on activity of the macrophages and lymphocytes as well as on the tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa) activity in the blood serum were used to assess an immune system status of the stressed and control groups of rats. The results indicated that social stress led to obvious alterations in the immune system of the stressed rats and especially of their offspring, where the changes were more pronounced.
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