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Investigations were carried out in a pine stand 80 years of age, 24 cm average diameter of breast height and 22 m tall. Both long-timber and medium-length assortments 1.8 and 2.4 m long were harvested. The performed analyses comprised: mean duration times at individual activities during operating time, structure of the operation time, as well as labour consumption during this time. The impact of the length and diameter of the harvested long timber on the above-mentioned characteristics of the harvesting process was assessed. Measurements of operation times were taken with the assistance of a stopwatch using the method of continuous timekeeping. Times of the following operations were identified and measured: site preparation, felling, fastening of the self wind-up measuring tape, cutting logs into assortments, measurement, returning to the end of the handled bole, cutting into rollers, walking over to the next tree to be felled. The obtained results of the investigations revealed statistically significant differences of mean duration times and mean shares of some operations in groups of trees of differing length and diameters. In the structure of the operating time, the highest shares were recorded for roller cutting and measurements. It was found that the diameter of the handled long timber exerted the strongest influence on the labour consumption of the harvested timber.
Valuation of the WCO pine logs were made using data from the article by professor W Dzbenski and K. Laskowski [Dzbenski, Laskowski, 2005]. Authors study assumed on single sawing logs after logs bucking. Technical and economic values from the journal “Rynek Drzewny” and the data from the experimental sawing made possible valuation of 1m3 of logs. Calculations showed the usefulness of the proposed valuation formula. The formula showed unsatisfactory profitability of low-quality round wood manufacturing process for standard timber in the second half of 2009, ie in a bad stage of the cycle of market economy on a global scale.
Oribatid mites are a characteristic element of soil fauna, but they are also found in decomposing wood. However, they are often absent from publications dealing with dead wood. A core question of our study was how much the mite fauna differs between dead wood and the forest floor and at different locations on dead wood. Three dead, fallen beech logs (in the third stage of decay) in the “Góra Chełm” Reserve (Jura Krakowsko-Czçstochowska, Silesian province, south Poland) were examined for log-inhabiting species of mites. Samples were collected at seven microhabitats from the logs and the ground surface adjacent to each log was also sampled. Forty-nine oribatid species (44%) were obligate members of the intra-log community. Our study revealed strong differentiation between oribatid fauna in different microhabitats of decaying logs. No statistically significant differences in oribatid communities in beech logs of the same stage of decay were observed. It may be concluded that oribatid mites are using logs as a separate habitat rather than as an extension of the forest floor.
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