Ograniczanie wyników

Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 53

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  living organism
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
4
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
Content available

Marceli Nencki 1847-1901

86%
Acrylamide is an important industrial chemical used since the 1950-ies as chemical intermediate in production of polyacrylamides. The neurotoxicity of acrylamide in humans is well-known from occupational and accidental exposures. The occurrence of acrylamide in tobacco smoke, which could be observed in smokers as an increased level of the corresponding Hb adduct. Experimental study with acrylamide in animals shown reproductive, genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified acrylamide as a potential human carcinogen. Studies conducted in 2002 and 2003 showed that a high level of acrylamide was formed during the frying or baking of a variety of foods. Acrylamide is generated in food as a result of the Millard reaction between asparagine and carbonyl groups of reducing sugars.
Microsatellites (SSR - simple sequence repeats, STR - short tandem repeats, SSLP - simple sequence length polymorphism, VNTR - variable number of tandem repeats) are the class of repetitive DNA sequences present in all living organisms. Particular characterstics of microsatellites, such as their presence in the genomes of all living organisms, high level of allelic variation, co-dominant mode of inheritance and potential for automated analysis make them an excellent tool for a number of approaches like genotyping, mapping and positional clonig of genes. The three most popular types of markers containing microsatellite sequences that are presently used are: (1) SSR (simple sequence repeats), generated by amplifying in a PCR reaction with the use of primers complementary to flanking regions; (2) ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats), based on the amplification of regions between inversely oriented closely spaced microsatellites; and (3) SAMPL (selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci), which utilises AFLP (amplified fragment-length polymorphism) methodology, with one exception - for the second amplification, one of the starters is complementary to the microsatellite sequence. The usefulness of the three above-mentioned markers for numerous purposes has been well documented for plants.
Compression isotherms of mixed monomolecular layers at water-air interface, formed of lecithin (DPPC) and an organometallic compound (Me3PbCl, Me3SnCl, Et3PbCl, Et3SnCl) at various molar fractions (x = 0.0,0.2,0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) were studied. It was found that compression isotherms of the pure organometallic compounds (x = 1.0), in the range of mean molecular areas of 1.0 nm2 and ca. 0.15 nm2, did not show any practical increase in surface pressure. The isobaric relationship between mean molecular areas and molar fraction of an organometallic modifier are linear for most of the pressures chosen, which follows from analysis of the experimental isotherms obtained and demonstrates the ideal behaviour of the system under study. All the compounds studied form nearly ideally-behaving systems with lecithin. Presumably, the effects observed may be the result of molecular aggregation on the water phase surface, which in a mixed monolayer may lead to separation of the phases: organometallic compound - lecithin.
Journal of Elementology
|
2006
|
tom 11
|
nr 3
p.389-397,fig.,ref.
Magnesium possesses activity in a broad range of biochemical processes in living organisms. This review focus on the role of magnesium in pathophysiological and therapeutical mechanisms of affective disorders. Magnesium as an antagonist of the N-methyl-D- -aspartate (NMDA)/glutamate receptor complex, is active in the antidepressant screen test, forced swim test in rodents. Clinical studies, although providing very limited amount of data, suggest possible efficacy of magnesium in mania (bipolar affective disorders). Magnesium deficiency induced depression-like behavior in animals, and such an effect in humans is also suggested. All the available data indicate the importance of magnesium homeostasis in pathophysiology and therapy of affective disorders.
The body size is one of the main attributes of living organisms. The knowledge of body size patterns of co-occurring species and the related factors can contribute to the understanding of many ecological processes. The aim of the study was the analysis of the distribution of the spider species of different size in heterogeneous forest habitats: ground, herbaceous vegetation, tree trunks and leaves. The research was conducted in deciduous stands of the Białowieża Forest (eastern Poland). Spiders were collected by: a) pitfall traps and sieving the litter through an entomological sieve for the ground layer; b) sweep-netting for herbaceous vegetation; c) bark traps for tree trunks and d) shaking the branches of trees and shrubs for leaves. In total, 247 spider species belonging to 22 families were recorded: 195 species in the ground layer, 122 in herbaceous vegetation, 60 on trunks, and 48 on leaves. The analysis revealed that ground layer was inhabited by the small sized species (mean 5.2 ± 0.11 mm) while larger species inhabited herbaceous vegetation (mean 6.6 ± 0.26 mm), trunks (7.2 ± 0.20 mm) and leaves (6.8 ± 0.41 mm). Moreover, the mean species body size decreased with the increasing number of collected species. Several potential mechanisms are discussed as those determining the preference of various sized spider species in particular habitats like different microclimatic conditions, the nutritional quality of prey and predation. Moreover, the very likely reason of differences in the size of spider species between the ground layer and other habitats is the most complex structure of the former habitat.
14
Content available remote

Plasma proteome analysis: 2D gels and chips

72%
The knowledge of concentration, modification and interaction of proteins is fundamental in determining the phenotype of living organisms. Plasma, the primary clinical specimen, contains numerous and diverse proteins. The functions of these proteins are as manifold as the diversity of the protein themselves. Many of them have been largely used for many years as biomarkers of diseases and indicators of the physiological functions. The study of plasma proteome promises to be a significant advance in various areas of biological and clinical research. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is considered as a primary tool in separating thousand of plasma proteins. This approach enables comparing normal and diseased samples revealing differently expressed proteins. Other proteomic techniques suitable for plasma analysis such as protein microarrays are now either established or are still being improved. This article briefly reviews the application of two-dimensional electrophoresis and the current status of technical aspects for plasma proteome.
The aim of this paper is to assess usefulness of different measures when determining central tendencies which characterise the environmental requirements of living organisms. Mathematical analyses were made of the environmental parameters of river macrophyte communities which were taken as a representative pattern of different levels of biological structures. To deliver a representative dataset, botanical surveys were carried out on a range of British rivers together with environmental assessment and the plant communities groups were identified based on characteristic species according to eslished phytosociological criteria. The mean values and standard univariate medians of the revealed associations were compared with means calculated on the basis of advanced transformation and also with the rarely calculated multivariate L median. Due to high variance and asymmetrical distribution, the analyses based on the mean-value appeared to be limited in application. To avoid this disadvantage transformation to obtain normality of the dataset standardisation was proposed although even this did not fully reach a satisfactory symmetry. It was concluded that each environmental variable for each single biota must be individually treated by a suile transformation to obtain approximately normal distributions. The univariate median was very resistant to the effects of outliers but gave a flattened output of the environmental dataset making the partitioning of biological units very difficult. The multivariate L median appeared to be unaffected by outliers. It enabled to obtain considerable ordering of communities against individual environmental parameters without data transformation.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.