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Malaria is one of the most devastating diseases of tropical countries with clinical manifestations such as anaemia, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, hepatomegaly and acute renal failures. In this study, cases of thrombocytopenia and haemoglobinemia were more prominent in subjects infected with Plasmodium falciparum (Welch, 1897) than those with Plasmodium vivax (Grassi et Feletti, 1890). However, anaemia, jaundice, convulsions and acute renal failure were significantly high (3–4 times) in subjects infected with P. falciparum than those infected with P. vivax. The incidence of splenomegaly and neurological sequelae were 2 and 6 times higher in P. falciparum infections compared to the infections of P. vivax. Both in P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria, the cases of splenomegaly, jaundice and neurological sequelae were almost double in children (<10 years) compared to older patients. The liver enzymes were generally in normal range in cases of low and mild infections. However, the AST, ALT, ALP activities and serum bilirubin, creatinine, and the urea content were increased in P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria patients having high parasitaemia, confirming liver dysfunction and renal failures in few cases of severe malaria both in India and Saudi Arabia.
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Use of hop cones in growing beef cattle nutrition

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Use of hop cones in growing beef cattle nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the supplementation of bull diets with hop cones on growing bull performance, the concentrations of blood analytes, including liver enzymes. Twenty-four growing bulls of Slovene autochthonous Cika breed (BW 373 kg; age 329 days) were randomly allocated to 6 pens (4 animals/pen). Before the start of experiment all animals received the same basic TMR which was afterwards either not supplemented (control; 2 pens) or supplemented with 50 g/animal (H50; 6 g of hop dry matter (DM)/kg diet DM; 2 pens) or 100 g of hop cones/animal (H100; 11 g DM/kg diet DM; 2 pens) daily. Bulls were weighed at the start of the experiment and then again after 30 and 60 days of experiment and average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) were calculated. At each weighing day, the blood samples were taken from each bull and plasma glucose and serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHBA), urea, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were determined. The inclusion of hop cones in the diet did not have any effects on DMI, ADG or F:G ratio and did not change BHBA, urea and GGT concentrations. ALT level was lower (P = 0.025) after 60 days of the experiment compared to control group. In treatments H50 and H100 blood glucose concentrations increased (P < 0.05) after 30 and 60 days of the experiment, while in treatment H100 NEFA concentration decreased (P = 0.022) after 60 days of the experiment. These findings suggest that hop cones and their constituents provoke changes in energy metabolism in ruminants.
The influence of anaemia on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in dogs infected with B. canis was investigated. Samples of blood and serum from 230 infected dogs were divided into two groups: A (with anaemia) and B (without anaemia). The differences in the activities of the enzymes between both groups were not statistically significant. These results suggest that mild anaemia, as the only factor, has no influence on ALT, AST, or ALP activity in canine babesiosis. However, this study certainly cannot exclude the possibility that a more severe anaemia can have a major effect on the liver.
Zbadano wpływ podania chlorfenwinfosu na aktywność enzymów wątrobowych w surowicy krwi i homogenacie wątroby szczura, 48 h po podaniu tego związku w dawce jednorazowej.
Diklofop, herbicyd z grupy pochodnych kwasu fenoksypropionowego, nie wykazuje właściwości induktorów CYP1A i słabo stymuluje aktywność CYP2B w wątrobie szczura. Natomiast wyniki sugerują, że badany związek hamuje aktywność fenolowej formy UDP-glukuronylotransferazy.
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