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Introduction. Aerobic training plays an important role in soccer and is designed to improve players’ cardiovascular health. Aim of Study. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a semi-long distance outdoor run on the lipid profile of soccer players. Material and Methods. Plasma activity of lipase (LP) and blood levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), lipoproteins cholesterol: HDL-C and LDL-C, were determined among sixteen (8 male and 8 female) soccer players, before, immediately after the run, and at the beginning of recovery time (30 minutes after the run). Results. The semi-long distance outdoor run caused a 30% decrease in the TG level in both studied groups (p = 0.0019 and p = 0.0002, pre-exercise vs. post-exercise for males and females, respectively). Post-exercise changes in TC (p = 0.0121 and p = 0.0158, pre-exercise vs. post-exercise for males and females, respectively) were observed. The changes in HDL-C level (p = 0.0001 pre-exercise vs. post-exercise) in males and LDL-C level (p = 0.00003 pre-exercise vs. postexercise) in female soccer players were also found. Additionally, there were no post-exercise changes in LP activity among the studied female players, however, a significant (p = 0.0119) post-exercise decrease in LP activity among the male players was found. Conclusions. Post-exercise changes in lipid profile and LP activity (at least among males) are markers of soccer players’ biochemical adaptation to the training process.
Culturable microorganisms were successfully isolated from soil and sediment samples collected in 2011 on the northern coast of Hornsund, West Spitsbergen. A total of 63 single colony isolates from three sampling sites obtained were subjected to temperature dependence study to assess whether they are obligate psychrophilic or psychrotrophic strains. From initial temperature screening, only 53 psychrotrophic isolates were selected that are capable of growing between 4–28°C. The rest that were capable of tolerating higher temperatures up to 37°C were not included in this study. These isolates were chosen for lipase enzyme screening confirmation with the standard plate assay of olive oil and fluorescent dye Rhodamine B. Six lipase positive isolates were also subjected for subsequent lipase enzyme plate screening on tributyrin, triolein, olive oil and palm oil agar. Lipase production by these six isolates was further assayed by using colorimetric method with palm oil and olive oil as the substrate. These isolates with promising lipase activity ranging from 20 U/ml up to 160 U/ml on palm oil and olive oil substrate were successfully identified. Molecular identification by using 16S rRNA revealed that five out of six isolates were Gram-negative Proteobacteria and the other one was a Gram-positive Actinobacteria.
Two different extracellular lipases were isolated and purified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ps-x to apparent homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ion exchange chromatography on Q- and S-Sepharose column. Both of the purified lipases are monomeric protein with molecular weight of 15.5 and 54.97 KDa respectively. The optimal activities of the enzymes were at 45 and 50°C and pHs 10.0 and 9.0. Calcium ions increase thermostability of both purified lipases I and II. The purified lipase I showed no metal ion dependence for its activity since EDTA up to 10 mM has no effect on the enzyme activity. However purified lipase II showed slight inhibition by EDTA at the same concentration. Moreover, a serine protease inhibitor, PMSF showed an inhibitoiy effect on both purified enzymes.
Lipolytic activity of seven yeast strains: Candida famata MI1a, C. intermedia BI2a, C. kefyr PII1b, C. sphaerica FII7a, Geotrichum penicillatum EII6a, Saccharomy- ces kluyveri BII3a and Yarrowia lipolytica PII6a was investigated. These strains represen­ting yeast species occurring in mould cheese Rokpol are potential cheese co-starters. The extra and intracellular lipolytic activity of the yeast was analyzed against tributyrine and p-nitrophenyl derivatives of fatty acids. Also their ability to hydrolyze bovine milk fat was assayed. It was shown that generally activity of extracellular yeast lipases were higher than of intracellular enzymes. The most lipolytic were strains Y. lipolytica PII6a and C. sphaeri- ca FII7a, which preferentially hydrolyzed butyrate p-nitrophenyl derivative and release the highest amounts of oleic acid from milk fat.
 Oxidative stress enhances lipid peroxidation (LPO) implicated in cancer promotion and progression. (E)-4-Hydroxynon-2-enal 1 (trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, HNE) is one of the most abundant products of LPO. Reactions of HNE with DNA and proteins are responsible for its mutagenic and toxic effects. On the other hand, HNE is regarded as a key molecule in stress mediated cell cycle signaling. LPO generates racemic HNE (rac-1); however, it is expected that the individual enantiomers will behave differently in their interactions with cell components. The study of HNE stereochemistry in its chemical and biochemical interactions is hindered by the lack of expedient methods for preparation of pure enantiomers. This study presents one step synthesis of HNE in a cross-metathesis reaction between the commercially available oct-1-en-3-ol and acrolein in the presence of 2nd generation Grubbs catalyst. The use in the metathesis reaction of enantiomers of oct-1-en-3-ol obtained via Candida antarctica lipase resolution of the racemate allowed us to prepare of 4-(R)- and 4-(S)-enantiomers of HNE (R-1 and S-1, respectively) with excellent optical purity (97.5 and 98.4% ee, respectively) and good chemical yields (70%).
In the reported research, the reaction of glucose esterification with oleic acid was run with the use of a commercial preparation of lipase originated from Candida Antarctica yeast – Novozymes 435 – as a catalyst. Selected properties of the resultant ester were investigated in comparison with properties of glucose and its complex with oleic acid. Results obtained were compared with properties of a commercial preparation of saccharose stearate, a pure disaccharide and the obtained complex of saccharose with stearic acid. A biotechnological method was used to synthesize glucose oleinate with a degree of substitution reaching DS=0.35. The synthesis proceeded at a low temperature (60°C) at atmospheric pressure without using solvents toxic to humans. Simultaneously, a similar reaction was carried out without the use of enzyme, which enabled obtaining a complex of glucose with fatty acid. The achieved reaction products were characterised by properties different from those of a pure substrate – glucose. In addition, the character of those changes was similar as in the case of saccharose and its fatty derivatives. The ester of glucose and that of saccharose were characterised by lower heats of phase transitions than pure saccharides and their complexes with lipids. The complex of glucose with oleic acid showed high heat of phase transition and high temperature of phase transition as compared to pure glucose and its ester. Saccharose stearate reached lower values of the heat of phase transition and temperature of phase transition in respect of a pure disaccharide and its mixture with stearic acid. Solubility of glucose oleinate, in contrast to that of the other substances examined, did not increase along with increasing temperature.
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