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The aim of the study was the comparative analysis of the results of the phosphorus balance calculated by two methods, in the field scale and the farm scale, and assessment of usefulness of the application of balances in monitoring the agricultural production. Twenty-six large-scale farms were selected for studies with the area from 204.0 to 11391.5 ha. The analyses used data from the years 2002-2006. The spatial scope included the farms located in 33 municipalities, which administratively belonged to three provinces. Twenty six municipalities were located in 7 areas particularly nitrate vulnerable zones (NVZ’s). The evaluation of phosphorous load of the selected farms in different regions was performed based on the calculation of the balance with two methods – field surface and farm gate. As research has shown although the balance of the phosphorus calculated with the field surface method was on average higher by 7.2 kg P2O5·ha-1 AL, the results obtained based on two different methodical approaches indicate similar trends. The higher balance was mainly affected by manures produced in the own farm. Maximal values of the balance in both methods remained at a similar level, reaching approx. 60 kg P2O5·ha-1 AL. In case of the field surface balance, 7 farms fitted in the standard, and in case of the farm gate balance 5 met recommendations concerning the acceptable balance for the analysed region.
The European Union places great emphasis on the use of renewable energy sources in the energy industries. The share of bio-components in liquid fuels consumption is expected to reach 10% by the end of 2020. A consequence of this regulation is the increased cropping area of rapeseed in Poland. The aim of the study was to quantify the environmental impact associated with winter rape production along the life cycle stages. The method used to calculate the overall environmental profile of rapeseed was the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Analysis was based on the case study of two large-area farms in the Wielkopolska region carried out in the years 2011–2013. Our study showed that fertilizer operation was the largest contributor to the environmental impact categories, representing almost 99 percent of the acidification potential and 77 percent of the global warming potential. Among the components of fertilizing operations, field application of nitrogen fertilizers generated the highest load of greenhouse gas emissions. It is concluded that the data obtained characterizes the conventional type of rapeseed production in the Wielkopolska region and can be used as source material for extending the LCA to the rapeseed processing industry which receive the material from the local suppliers.nts in individual years of observations were positive and correlated statistically significantly.
Studies were carried out on the content of NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N and numbers of bacteria indicatory of water pollution (TVC 20 degreesC, TVC 30 degreesC) and its sanitary state (TC, FC, FS) in deep wells and shallow piezometric boreholes, as well as on bacteriological contamination of water in rivers Sawica and Omulew, in the area of water-bearing formations of Omulewski Aquifer (with no isolation from the surface), in 1995-1997 (after liquidation of the majority of large cattle and pig breeding farms in this area). The following were distinguished: 1. wells in afforested area in Sedansk and Narty, 2. wells located in farm lands of individual farmers in Jedwabno and Kot, 3. wells located in breeding farms of foxes, cattle and pigs in the villages Janowo, Dzierzki, Wesolowo, Wielbark, Przezdziek, Baranowo, Wyzegi, and 4. piezometric boreholes in the cattle farm at Wesolowo. Water of Sawica River (together with water from trout ponds fed by this river) and of Omulew River were analyzed at Janowo, Kot, Wesolowo and Wielbark, close to respective wells and boreholes. The degree of chemical and bacteriological contamination of well waters was diversified, depending on current and earlier use of land in the area of Omulewski Aquifer. NH4-N content decreased in well and borehole waters located in the area of former cattle and pig farms at Dzierzki, Wesolowo, Przezdziek, Baranowo and Wyzegi compared to the levels found in 1989-1993. Notwithstanding this, its level in some wells exceeded 0.5 mg/l NH4-N, i.e. the maximum level permissible in drinking water and water used for household purposes. As regards the sanitary state, only wells in Sedansk conformed to the standards for drinking and household water. Contrarily to what was expected, there was no decrease of indicatory bacteria numbers in water of wells and boreholes located in the area of former large cattle and pig farms. Water in deep wells at Kot, Wesolowo and Wielbark usually contained higher numbers of indicatory bacteria in the periods when their levels increased also in Sawica and Omulew rivers.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki zawartości podstawowych składników biogennych, oraz wielkości wskaźników tlenowych w wodzie gruntowej (w piaskach słabogliniastych zalegających na glinach lekkich i średnich) na obiekcie rolniczego wykorzystania gnojowicy w wielkoobszarowym gospodarstwie rolnym. Gnojowica użyta do nawożenia zawierała 5% suchej masy, 4,85 g·dm⁻³ azotu ogólnego (w tym 66% N-NH₄); 2,37 g K·dm⁻³ i 2,09 g P·dm⁻³. Woda gruntowa na obiekcie charakteryzowała się zwiększonymi stężeniami azotu azotanowego (2,8 do 46 mg N-NO₃·dm⁻³). Stężenia azotu amonowego (N-NH₄) w okresie badawczym z reguły odpowiadały wartościom dla II-IV klasy czystości. Maksymalne stężenia tego związku osiągnęły wartość 4,0 i 3,0 mg N-NH₄·dm⁻³. Zawartość fosforu Pog kształtowała się najczęściej na poziomie 0,1-0,2 mg P·dm⁻³, natomiast potasu K⁺ 3,3-11,6 mg K⁺·dm⁻³. Wysokość badanych wskaźników na obiekcie, zwłaszcza N- NO₃ była wyższa od pomierzonych poza terenem objętym nawożeniem gnojowicą. Wskaźniki tlenowe (BZT₅, ChZT ) w badanej wodzie osiągały następujące wartości: BZT₅ 0,3 do 10 mg O₂·dm⁻³, ChZT od kilku do ok. 75 mg O₂·dm⁻³.
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