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Laparoscopic procedures in dogs and cats

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Laparoscopic procedures are gaining wider application in veterinary medicine. The fnollowing article contains description of indispensable equipment for performing surgical procedures with use of laparoscopic technique and reviews some laparoscopic procedures which found application in veterinary medicine.
This paper describes laparoscopy-guided prostate biopsy experiments in 13 dogs. Biopsy material was evaluated histopathologically to diagnose causes of prostatic gland enlargement. Laparoscopic biopsy was performed in male dogs diagnosed with prostatic gland enlargement, based on clinical symptoms and results of rectal examinations.
On the day of ovulation and next on day 7 after ovulation the ovaries of 20 sheep were examined using the transrectal ultrasound method. To verify the results, similar examination was made with the laparoscopic method. Depending on the stage of the sexual cycle (day 1 vs day 7) the number of Graafian follicles (∅ ≥5 mm) was determined as well as the total number of corpora lutea found in both ovaries. Out of the total number of 53 Graafian follicles found laparoscopically, 42 (79,2%) were detected with the ultrasound method. The detectability of corpora lutea with the ultrasound method was found similar (79,5%). A considerable improvement in the accuracy of ultrasonic measuring was observed when the determinations were repeated next year. This reflects the effect of the experience gathered by the person taking the measurements.
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of three laparoscopic techniques of kidney extraction - minilaparotomy, mechanical morcellation, and manual morcellation, in experimental transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in pigs. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 12 pigs with body weight ranging from 20 to 30 kg. After two months of observation, post-mortem examinations revealed differences in the formation of peritoneal adhesions in three animal groups. This experimental part of the study should help optimising similar techniques in dogs.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the laparoscopic technique for performing a biopsy of the gastric and duodenal wall in dogs. Endoscopic examinations were performed in five dogs, which were not conclusively diagnosed based on symptoms and the results of clinical and laboratory tests. A histopathological analysis of laparoscopically collected tissue samples supported the diagnosis of a chronic inflammation of the gastric and duodenal wall. The results of the experiment indicate that laparoscopy permits accurate mapping of the biopsy site and supports the collection of tissue samples for histopathological analyses.
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